Category: GATE Biotechnology 2019 Previous Year Papers with Solutions

Category: GATE Biotechnology 2019 Previous Year Papers with Solutions

GATE Biotechnology 2019 Previous Year Papers with Solutions

Q.65 The dimensions and operating condition of a lab-scale fermentor are as follows: Volume = 1 L Diameter = 20 cm Agitator speed = 600 rpm Ratio of impeller diameter to fermentor diameter = 0.3 This fermentor needs to be scaled up to 8,000 L for a large scale industrial application. If the scale-up is based on constant impeller tip speed, the speed of the agitator in the larger reactor is _________ rpm. Assume that the scale-up factor is the cube root of the ratio of fermentor volumes.

Scale-Up of Fermenter Agitation Speed

Q.64 An industrial fermentor containing 10,000 L of medium needs to be sterilized. The initial spore concentration in the medium is 106 spores mL−1. The desired probability of contamination after sterilization is 10−3. The death rate of spores at 121 °C is 4 min−1. Assume that there is no cell death during heating and cooling phases. The holding time of the sterilization process is ________ min (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Fermentor Sterilization Holding Time Calculation

Q.63 In a cross-flow filtration process, the pressure drop (ΔP) driving the fluid flow is 2 atm, inlet feed pressure (Pi) is 3 atm and filtrate pressure (Pf) is equal to atmospheric pressure. The average transmembrane pressure drop (ΔPm) is ________ atm.

Cross-Flow Filtration

Q.62 Phenolic wastewater discharged from an industry was treated with Pseudomonas sp. in an aerobic bioreactor. The influent and effluent concentrations of phenol were 10,000 and 10 ppm, respectively. The inlet feed rate of wastewater was 80 L h−1. The kinetic properties of the organism are as follows: Maximum specific growth rate (μm) = 1 h−1 Saturation constant (KS) = 100 mg L−1 Cell death rate (kd) = 0.01 h−1 Assuming that the bioreactor operates under ‘chemostat’ mode, the working volume required for this process is ________ L (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Chemostat Working Volume

Q.61 Yeast biomass (C6H10O3N) grown on glucose is described by the stoichiometric equation given below: C6H12O6 + 0.48 NH3 + 3 O2 → 0.48 C6H10O3N + 3.12 CO2 + 4.32 H2O The amount of glucose needed for the production of 50 g L−1 of yeast biomass in a batch reactor with a working volume of 1,00,000 L is ________ kg (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Glucose Requirement for Yeast Biomass Production

Q.60 ∫-11 f(x) dx calculated using trapezoidal rule for the values given in the table is ________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). x -1 -2/3 -1/3 0 1/3 2/3 1 f(x) 0.37 0.51 0.71 1.0 1.40 1.95 2.71

Trapezoidal Rule Integration

Q.59 A new game is being introduced in a casino. A player can lose Rs. 100, break even, win Rs. 100, or win Rs. 500. The probabilities (P(X)) of each of these outcomes (X) are given in the following table: X (in Rs.) -100 0 100 500 P(X) 0.25 0.5 0.2 0.05 The standard deviation (σ) for the casino payout is Rs. ________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Standard Deviation of Casino Payout

Q.58 The molecular mass of a protein is 22 kDa. The size of the cDNA (excluding the untranslated regions) that codes for this protein is _______ kb (rounded off to 1 decimal place).

Protein 22 kDa Molecular Mass to cDNA Size

Q.57 In pea plants, purple color of flowers is determined by the dominant allele while white color is determined by the recessive allele. A genetic cross between two purple flower-bearing plants results in an offspring with white flowers. The probability that the third offspring from these parents will have purple flowers is _______ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).

Pea Plants Purple White Flowers Genetic Cross

Q.56 The difference in concentrations of an uncharged solute between two compartments is 1.6-fold. The energy required for active transport of the solute across the membrane separating the two compartments is _____ cal mol−1 (rounded off to the nearest integer). (R = 1.987 cal mol−1 K−1, T = 37 °C)

Energy Required for Active Transport of Uncharged Solute

Q.55 A UV-visible spectrophotometer has a minimum detectable absorbance of 0.02. The minimum concentration of a protein sample that can be measured reliably in this instrument with a cuvette of 1 cm path length is _______ μM. The molar extinction coefficient of the protein is 10,000 L mol−1 cm−1.

Minimum Protein Concentration

Q.54 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and the Reason [r] Assertion [a]: It is possible to regenerate a whole plant from a single plant cell. Reason [r]: It is easier to introduce transgenes in to plants than animals. (A) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a] (B) Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a] (C) Both [a] and [r] are false (D) [a] is true but [r] is false

Plant Regeneration from Single Cell

Q.53 Which of the following statements is ALWAYS CORRECT about an ideal chemostat? P. Substrate concentration inside the chemostat is equal to that in the exit stream Q. Optimal dilution rate is lower than critical dilution rate R. Biomass concentration increases with increase in dilution rate S. Cell recirculation facilitates operation beyond critical dilution rate (A) P and Q only (B) P, R and S only (C) P and S only (D) P, Q and S only

Ideal Chemostat Characteristics

Q.52 Match the instruments in Group I with their corresponding measurements in Group II.    Group I                                         Group II P. Manometer                          1. Agitator speed Q. Rotameter                           2. Pressure difference R. Tachometer                         3. Cell number S. Haemocytometer                4. Air flow rate (A) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (C) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 (D) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3

Matching Instruments to Measurements

Q.51 Which one of the following statements is CORRECT about proportional controllers? (A) The initial change in control output signal is relatively slow (B) The initial corrective action is greater for larger error (C) They have no offset (D) There is no corrective action if the error is a constant

Proportional Controllers in Control Systems

Q.50 Which of the following factors can influence the lag phase of a microbial culture in a batch fermentor? P. Inoculum size Q. Inoculum age R. Medium composition (A) P and Q only (B) Q and R only (C) P and R only (D) P, Q and R

Factors Influencing Lag Phase of Microbial Culture

Q.49 The Laplace transform of the function f(t) = t2 + 2t + 1 is (A) 1/s3 + 3/s2 + 1/s (B) 4/s3 + 4/s2 + 1/s (C) 2/s3 + 2/s2 + 1/s (D) 2/s3 + 3/s2 + 1/s

Laplace Transform of t² + 2t + 1

Q.48 What is the solution of the differential equation dy/dx = x/y, with the initial condition, at x = 0, y = 1? (A) x2 = y2 + 1     (B) y2 = x2 + 1     (C) y2 = 2x2 + 1     (D) x2 − y2 = 0

Solution of Differential Equation

Q.47 Which one of the following amino acid residues will destabilize an α-helix when inserted in the middle of the helix? (A) Pro     (B) Val     (C) Ile     (D) Leu

Which Amino Acid Destabilizes Alpha Helix

Q.46 Which one of the following covalent linkages exists between 7-Methyl guanosine (m7G) and mRNAs? (A) 2'-3' triphosphate     (B) 3'-5' triphosphate (C) 5'-5' triphosphate     (D) 2'-5' triphosphate

7-Methylguanosine m7G mRNA Covalent Linkage

Q.45 Which of the following statements are CORRECT about the function of fetal bovine serum in animal cell culture? P. It stimulates cell growth Q. It enhances cell attachment R. It provides hormones and minerals S. It maintains pH at 7.4 (A) P and Q only (B) P and S only (C) P, Q and R only (D) P, Q, R and S

Fetal Bovine Serum Functions in Animal Cell Culture

Q.44 Antibody-producing hybridoma cells are generated by the fusion of a (A) T cell with a myeloma cell (B) B cell with a myeloma cell (C) macrophage with a myeloma cell (D) T cell and a B cell

Antibody-Producing Hybridoma Cells

Q.43 The hexapeptide P has an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.9. Hexapeptide Q is a variant of P that contains valine instead of glutamate at position 3. The two peptides are analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.0. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT? (A) P will migrate faster than Q towards the anode (B) P will migrate faster than Q towards the cathode (C) Both P and Q will migrate together (D) Q will migrate faster than P towards the anode

Hexapeptide P and Q Isoelectric Point Electrophoresis

Q.42 Group I lists spectroscopic methods and Group II lists biomolecular applications of these methods. Match the methods in Group I with the applications in Group II. Group I                                                                        Group II P. Infrared                                                         1. Identification of functional groups Q. Circular Dichroism                                     2. Determination of secondary structure R. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance                   3. Estimation of molecular weight                                                                              4. Determination of 3-D structure (A) P-4, Q-3, R-1 (B) P-2, Q-1, R-3 (C) P-1, Q-2, R-4 (D) P-3, Q-2, R-4

Infrared, Circular Dichroism, NMR Matching

Q.41 Which of the following factors affect the fidelity of DNA polymerase in polymerase chain reaction? P. Mg2+ concentration Q. pH R. Annealing temperature (A) P and Q only (B) P and R only (C) Q and R only (D) P, Q and R

Factors Affecting DNA Polymerase Fidelity in PCR

Q.40 Which one of the following is coded by the ABO blood group locus in the human genome? (A) Acyl transferase (B) Galactosyltransferase (C) Transposase (D) β-Galactosidase

ABO Blood Group Locus

Q.39 Which of the following statements are CORRECT when a protein sequence database is searched using the BLAST algorithm? P. A larger E-value indicates higher sequence similarity Q. E-value < 10-10 indicates sequence homology R. A higher BLAST score indicates higher sequence similarity S. E-value > 1010 indicates sequence homology (A) P, Q and R only (B) Q and R only (C) P, R and S only (D) P and S only

BLAST E-value and Score in Protein Sequence Database Search

Q.38 Match the organelles in Group I with their functions in Group II. Group I                                           Group II P. Lysosome                            1. Digestion of foreign substances Q. Smooth ER                         2. Protein targeting R. Golgi apparatus                 3. Lipid synthesis S. Nucleolus                            4. Protein synthesis                                                   5. rRNA synthesis (A) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-5 (B) P-1, Q-4, R-5, S-3 (C) P-2, Q-5, R-3, S-4 (D) P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-5

Organelles Functions Matching

Q.37 For site-directed mutagenesis, which one of the following restriction enzymes is used to digest methylated DNA? (A) KpnI (B) DpnI (C) XhoI (D) MluI

Site-Directed Mutagenesis DpnI Enzyme

Q.36 In general, which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT? (A) Hydrogen bonds result from electrostatic interactions (B) Hydrogen bonds contribute to the folding energy of proteins (C) Hydrogen bonds are weaker than van der Waals interactions (D) Hydrogen bonds are directional

Hydrogen Bonds

Q.35 Protein concentration of a crude enzyme preparation was 10 mg mL-1. 10 µL of this sample gave an activity of 5 µmol min-1 under standard assay conditions. The specific activity of this crude enzyme preparation is ________ units mg-1.

Specific Activity of Crude Enzyme Preparation

Q.34 The mass of 1 kmol of oxygen molecules is _______ g (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Mass of 1 kmol of Oxygen Molecules

Q.33 The degree of reduction for acetic acid (C2H4O2) is __________.

Degree of Reduction for Acetic Acid

Q.32 The median value for the dataset (12, 10, 16, 8, 90, 50, 30, 24) is __________.

Median Value for Dataset (12, 10, 16, 8, 90, 50, 30, 24)

Q.31 The solution of limx→8 ((x² – 64) / (x – 8)) is __________.

Solve lim x→8 (x²−64)/(x−8)

Q.30 Matrix A = [ 0   6 ] [ p   0 ] will be skew-symmetric when p = _____.

Skew Symmetric Matrix Example

Q.29 The number of possible rooted trees in a phylogeny of three species is ________.

Number of Possible Rooted Trees

Q.28 Which one of the following need NOT be conserved in a biochemical reaction? (A) Total mass (B) Total moles (C) Number of atoms of each element (D) Total energy

Which Need NOT Be Conserved in Biochemical Reaction?

Q.27 Which one of the following is catabolized during endogenous metabolism in a batch bacterial cultivation? (A) internal reserves (B) extracellular substrates (C) extracellular products (D) toxic substrates

 Endogenous Metabolism in Batch Bacterial Cultivation

Q.26 Which one of the following is the unit of heat transfer coefficient? (A) W m2 K-1 (B) W m-2 K (C) W m-2 K-1 (D) W m2 K

Unit of Heat Transfer Coefficient

Q.25 Which one of the following can NOT be a limiting substrate if Monod’s growth kinetics is applicable? (A) Extracellular carbon source (B) Extracellular nitrogen source (C) Dissolved oxygen (D) Intracellular carbon source

Monod’s Growth Kinetics

Q.24 Which one of the following statements is CORRECT for enzyme catalyzed reactions? (𝛥𝐺 is Gibbs free energy change, 𝐾𝑒𝑞 is equilibrium constant) (A) Enzymes affect 𝛥𝐺, but not 𝐾𝑒𝑞 (B) Enzymes affect 𝐾𝑒𝑞, but not 𝛥𝐺 (C) Enzymes affect both 𝛥𝐺 and 𝐾𝑒𝑞 (D) Enzymes do not affect 𝛥𝐺 or 𝐾𝑒𝑞

Do Enzymes Affect ΔG or Keq in Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions?

Q.23 Which of the following are geometric series? P. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, ... Q. 9, 6, 3, 0, -3, -6, ... R. 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, ... S. 4, -8, 16, -32, 64, ... (A) P and Q only (B) R and S only (C) Q and S only (D) P, Q and R only

Geometric Series Identification

Q.22 Which one of the following equations represents a one-dimensional wave equation? (A)  ∂u/∂t = c2 ∂2u/∂x2 (B) ∂2u/∂t2 = c2 ∂2u/∂x2 (C) ∂2u/∂t2 = c2 ∂u/∂x (D) ∂2u/∂t2 + ∂2u/∂x2 = 0

One Dimensional Wave Equation

Q.21 A mutation in a gene that codes for a polypeptide results in a variant polypeptide that lacks the last three amino acids. What type of mutation is this? (A) Synonymous mutation (B) Nonsense mutation (C) Missense mutation (D) Silent mutation

 Nonsense Mutation

Q.20 Which one of the following is NOT a part of the human nonspecific defense system? (A) Interferon (B) Mucous (C) Saliva (D) Antibody

Which is NOT Part of Human Nonspecific Defense System?

Q.19 Which of the following processes can increase genetic diversity of bacteria in nature? P. Conjugation Q. Transformation R. Transduction S. Transfection (A) P only (B) P and Q only (C) P, Q and R only (D) P, Q, R and S

Genetic Diversity in Bacteria

Q.18 Which one of the following techniques can be used to compare the expression of a large number of genes in two biological samples in a single experiment? (A) Polymerase chain reaction (B) DNA microarray (C) Northern hybridization (D) Southern hybridization

DNA Microarray vs PCR, Northern and Southern Blot

Q.17 Match the human diseases in Group I with the causative agents in Group II. Group I                                                                  Group II P. Amoebiasis                                                 1. Leishmania donovani Q. African sleeping sickness                        2. Trypanosoma cruzi R. Kala azar                                                     3. Entamoeba histolytica S. Chagas’ disease                                          4. Trypanosoma gambiense (A) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 (B) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4 (C) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (D) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2

Match Human Diseases with Causative Agents

Q.16 DNA synthesis in eukaryotes occurs during which phase of the mitotic cell cycle? (A) M (B) G1 (C) S (D) G0

DNA Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Q.15 Which one of the following enzymes is encoded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome? (A) Reverse transcriptase (B) Phospholipase (C) Phosphatase (D) ATP synthase

Which Enzyme is Encoded by HIV Genome?

Q.14 Which one of the following is a database of protein sequence motifs? (A) PROSITE (B) TrEMBL (C) SWISSPROT (D) PDB

Which Database Stores Protein Sequence Motifs?

Q.13 Tetracycline inhibits the (A) interaction between tRNA and mRNA (B) translocation of mRNA through ribosome (C) peptidyl transferase activity (D) binding of amino-acyl tRNA to ribosome

Tetracycline Mechanism of Action

Q.12 Which one of the following is used as a pH indicator in animal cell culture medium? (A) Acridine orange (B) Phenol red (C) Bromophenol blue (D) Coomassie blue

pH Indicator in Animal Cell Culture Medium

Q.11 The Bt toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis used to generate genetically modified crops is (A) cry (B) cro (C) cdc (D) cr

Bt Toxin Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

Q.10 “I read somewhere that in ancient times the prestige of a kingdom depended upon the number of taxes that it was able to levy on its people. It was very much like the prestige of a head-hunter in his own community.” Based on the paragraph above, the prestige of a head-hunter depended upon ___________ (A) the prestige of the kingdom (B) the prestige of the heads (C) the number of taxes he could levy (D) the number of heads he could gather

 Prestige of Head-Hunter in Ancient Times

Q.9 Two trains started at 7AM from the same point. The first train travelled north at a speed of 80km/h and the second train travelled south at a speed of 100 km/h. The time at which they were 540 km apart is ______ AM. (A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 11.30

Two Trains Started at 7AM

Q.8 The nomenclature of Hindustani music has changed over the centuries. Since the medieval period dhrupad styles were identified as baanis. Terms like gayaki and baaj were used to refer to vocal and instrumental styles, respectively. With the institutionalization of music education the term gharana became acceptable. Gharana originally referred to hereditary musicians from a particular lineage, including disciples and grand disciples. Which one of the following pairings is NOT correct? (A) dhrupad, baani (B) gayaki, vocal (C) baaj, institution (D) gharana, lineage

Hindustani Music Nomenclature

Q.7 In a country of 1400 million population, 70% own mobile phones. Among the mobile phone owners, only 294 million access the Internet. Among these Internet users, only half buy goods from e-commerce portals. What is the percentage of these buyers in the country? (A) 10.50 (B) 14.70 (C) 15.00 (D) 50.00

Percentage of E-Commerce Buyers

Q.6 Since the last one year, after a 125 basis point reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of India, banking institutions have been making a demand to reduce interest rates on small saving schemes. Finally, the government announced yesterday a reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes to bring them on par with fixed deposit interest rates. Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage? (A) Whenever the Reserve Bank of India reduces the repo rate, the interest rates on small saving schemes are also reduced (B) Interest rates on small saving schemes are always maintained on par with fixed deposit interest rates (C) The government sometimes takes into consideration the demands of banking institutions before reducing the interest rates on small saving schemes (D) A reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes follow only after a reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of India

RBI Repo Rate Cut Impact

Q.5 Until Iran came along, India had never been ________________ in kabaddi. (A) defeated (B) defeating (C) defeat (D) defeatist

India Had Never Been Defeated

Q.4 Five numbers 10, 7, 5, 4 and 2 are to be arranged in a sequence from left to right following the directions given below: 1. No two odd or even numbers are next to each other. 2. The second number from the left is exactly half of the left-most number. 3. The middle number is exactly twice the right-most number. Which is the second number from the right? (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 10

Five Numbers 10 7 5 4 2 Sequence Puzzle

Q.3 The radius as well as the height of a circular cone increases by 10%. The percentage increase in its volume is ______. (A) 17.1 (B) 21.0 (C) 33.1 (D) 72.8

Percentage Increase in Volume of Circular Cone

Q.2 Some students were not involved in the strike. If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is/are logically necessary? 1. Some who were involved in the strike were students. 2. No student was involved in the strike. 3. At least one student was involved in the strike. 4. Some who were not involved in the strike were students. (A) 1 and 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2 and 3

Some Students Were Not Involved in the Strike

Q.1 The fishermen, _______ the flood victims owed their lives, were rewarded by the government. (A) whom (B) to which (C) to whom (D) that

Fishermen Whom Flood Victims Owed Their Lives

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