Q.44 Vaccine is not available for which disease-
1. Hepatitis B
2. Influenza
3. AIDS
4. Mumps
No vaccine is available for AIDS (HIV), despite ongoing trials, while effective vaccines exist for Hepatitis B, Influenza, and Mumps. The correct answer is option 3: AIDS.
Vaccine Availability Basics
Vaccines stimulate immunity against pathogens; availability depends on efficacy trials, regulatory approval (e.g., FDA/WHO), and distribution.
HIV vaccine development faces hurdles like viral mutation and immune evasion, keeping it in research phase despite decades of effort.
Others achieved licensure through proven protection rates.
Correct Answer: 3. AIDS
AIDS, caused by HIV, lacks an approved preventive vaccine as of 2026—trials (e.g., IAVI G004 phase 1) continue without phase 3 success or licensure.
PrEP drugs like lenacapavir offer prevention, but no immunizing vaccine exists.
Option Breakdown
| Option | Disease | Vaccine Status | Available? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hepatitis B | Yes; recombinant HBV vaccine (e.g., Engerix-B) since 1980s, 95% effective. | Yes |
| 2 | Influenza | Yes; annual flu shots (inactivated/ recombinant), updated for strains. | Yes |
| 3 | AIDS | No approved vaccine; phase 1/2 trials ongoing, no phase 3 efficacy. | No |
| 4 | Mumps | Yes; MMR vaccine (live attenuated), part of routine childhood immunization. | Yes |
Why No HIV Vaccine?
HIV mutates rapidly, evading antibodies; broad neutralization elusive despite mRNA advances.
Recent preventives (lenacapavir 100% efficacy) raise trial bars, delaying vaccines.
Contrast: stable antigens in Hep B/mumps enabled success.
