GATE Biotechnology 2021 Previous Year Papers with Solutions Archives - Page 2 of 7 - CSIR NET LIFE SCIENCE COACHING | NTA NET LIFE SCIENCE | CSIR LIFE SCIENCE

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Q.65 A bacterium produces acetic acid from ethanol as per the following reaction 2CH3CH2OH + 2O2 → 2CH3COOH + 2H2O The thermodynamic maximum yield of acetic acid from ethanol in g g−1 (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Thermodynamic Maximum Yield

Q.64 The possible number of SalI restriction sites in a 9 kb double-stranded DNA, with all four bases occurring in equal proportion (rounded off to the nearest integer) is _________.

Calculating SalI Restriction Sites

Q.63 A DNA solution of 50 µg mL−1 concentration gives an absorbance of 1.0 at 260 nm. An aliquot of 20 µL from a 50 µL purified plasmid solution is diluted with distilled water to a total volume of 1000 µL. The diluted plasmid solution gives an absorbance of 0.550 at 260 nm. The concentration of the purified plasmid in µg µL−1 (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Calculating Plasmid DNA Concentration

Q.62 Milk flowing through a stainless steel inner tube (40 mm inner diameter) of double tube-type heater is to be heated from 10 °C to 85 °C by saturated steam condensing at 120 °C on the outer surface of the inner tube. Total heat transferred (Q) is 146200 kcal h−1 and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 750 kcal h−1 m−2 °C−1. The total length of the heating tube in m (rounded off to one decimal place) is _________.

Calculate Double Tube Heater Length

Q.61 A batch cultivation of E. coli follows zeroth order Monod’s growth kinetics. The cell growth is terminated when the residual dissolved oxygen concentration attains 10% of its saturation value and oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) reaches its maximum value (80 h−1). The saturation value of dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.007 kg m−3. If the maximum specific growth rate and yield coefficient (YX/O2) are 0.2 h−1 and 1.5 (kg cells)(kg O2)−1, respectively, then the final cell concentration in kg m−3 (rounded off to two decimal places) at the end of the batch cultivation is _________.

Final Cell Concentration Calculation

$Q.60 A feed stream (F1) containing components A and B is processed in a system comprising of separation unit and a mixer as shown below in the schematic diagram. The mole fractions of the components A and B are xA and xB, respectively. If F1 + F2 =kg h-1, the degrees of freedom of the system is ________.$

Degrees of Freedom in a Process with Separator and Mixer

Q.59 Calculate the following integral ∫0π2/4 sin√x dx = ________.

Solve ∫ sin(√x) dx from 0 to π2/4

Q.58 In a random mating population, Y and y are dominant and recessive alleles, respectively. If the frequency of Y allele in both sperm and egg is 0.70, then the frequency of Yy heterozygotes (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Yy Heterozygote Frequency

Q.57 A sedimentation tank of height 100 cm is used in a conventional activated sludge process to separate a suspension of spherical shaped granular sludge biomass of 0.5 mm diameter. The viscosity of the liquid is 1 cP. The difference in density between the suspended biomass and the liquid is 0.1 g cm−3. If the biomass reach their terminal velocity instantaneously, the biomass settling time in min (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Sedimentation Tank Settling Time Calculation

Q.56 The specific growth rate of a mold during exponential phase of its growth in a batch cultivation is 0.15 h−1. If the cell concentration at 30 h is 33 g L−1, the cell concentration in g L−1 (rounded off to the nearest integer) at 24 h is _________.

Calculate Mold Cell Concentration

Q.55 It is desired to scale-up a fermentation from 1 L to 1000 L vessel by maintaining a constant power-to-volume ratio. The small fermenter is operated at an agitator speed of 300 rotations per minute (rpm). If the value of scale up factor is 10, agitator speed in rpm (rounded off to the nearest integer) for the large fermenter is _________.

Fermentation Scale-Up

Q.54 The determinant of matrix A = ⎛ 1 1 1 1 ⎞ ⎜ −1 1 1 1 ⎟ ⎜ −1 −1 1 1 ⎟ ⎝ 1 1 1 3 ⎠ is _________.

4×4 Matrix Determinant

Q.53 If the values of two random variables (X, Y) are (121, 360), (242, 364) and (363, 362), the value of correlation coefficient between X and Y (rounded off to one decimal place) is _________.

Correlation Coefficient Calculation

Q.52 In a chemostat with a dilution rate of 0.8 h−1, the steady state biomass concentration and the specific product formation rate are 8 mol m−3 and 0.2 (mol product)(mol biomass)−1 h−1, respectively. The steady state product concentration in mol m−3 is _________.

Chemostat Dilution Rate

Q.51 If the area of a triangle with the vertices (k, 0), (2, 0) and (0, −2) is 2 square units, the value of k is _________.

Triangle Area 2 Units

Q.50 A 0.1 mL aliquot of a bacteriophage stock having a concentration of 4 × 109 phages mL−1 is added to 0.5 mL of E. coli culture having a concentration of 2 × 108 cells mL−1. The multiplicity of infection is _________.

Bacteriophage MOI Calculation

Q.49 In a Mendel’s dihybrid experiment, a homozygous pea plant with round yellow seeds was crossed with a homozygous plant with wrinkled green seeds. F1 intercross produced 560 F2 progeny. The number of F2 progeny having both dominant traits (round and yellow) is _________.

Mendel’s Dihybrid Cross

Q.48 Which of the following nucleus/nuclei is/are NMR active? (A) 1H (B) 13C (C) 16O (D) 32S

NMR Active Nuclei

Q.47 Which of the following chemical messenger(s) is/are derivative(s) of tryptophan? (A) γ-amino butyric acid (B) Indole acetic acid (C) Melatonin (D) Serotonin

Tryptophan Derivatives in Biochemistry

Q.46 Which of the following antimicrobial agent(s) is/are growth factor analog(s)? (A) 5-Fluorouracil (B) Isoniazid (C) Sulfanilamide (D) Tetracycline

Antimicrobial Growth Factor Analogs

Q.45 Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about Agrobacterium tumefaciens? (A) It contains tumor inducing plasmid (B) It causes crown gall disease in dicotyledonous plants (C) It is a Gram-positive soil bacterium (D) It is used in generating transgenic plants

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Q.44 Tertiary structure of a protein consisting of α-helices and β-strands can be determined by (A) circular dichroism spectroscopy (B) mass spectrometry (C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (D) UV spectroscopy

Tertiary Structure Determination

Q.43 In Neurospora crassa, a mutation in the poky gene results in a slow growth phenotype (poky). The results of four crosses are given below. (1) wild-type ♀ × wild-type ♂ → All progeny are wild-type (2) wild-type ♀ × poky ♂ → All progeny are wild-type (3) poky ♀ × wild-type ♂ → All progeny are poky (4) poky ♀ × poky ♂ → All progeny are poky Which one of the following explains the inheritance mode of poky? (A) Episomal inheritance (B) Mendelian inheritance (C) Mitochondrial inheritance (D) X-linked inheritance

Unraveling Poky Mutation Inheritance in Neurospora crassa

Q.42 Which one of the following tools is used to compare all the possible six-open reading frames of a given nucleotide query sequence with all the available six-open reading frames of the nucleotide sequence database? (A) BLASTN (B) BLASTX (C) TBLASTN (D) TBLASTX

BLAST Variants Explained

Q.41 Which of the following combinations of plant hormones and their associated function are CORRECT? Hormone Function P. Abscisic acid Breaks seed dormancy Q. Auxin Induces cell division R. Ethylene Stimulates ripening of fruits S. Gibberellin Promotes seed dormancy (A) P and R only (B) P and S only (C) Q and R only (D) Q and S only

Plant Hormones Functions

Q.40 Match hypersensitivity types in Group I with their corresponding condition in Group II. Group I Group II P. Type I 1. Erythroblastosis fetalis Q. Type II 2. Host reaction to bee venom R. Type III 3. Systemic lupus erythematosus S. Type IV 4. Tuberculin reaction (A) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4 (B) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (C) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (D) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

Mastering Hypersensitivity Types

Q.39 Match the autoimmune diseases in Group I with the corresponding primarily affected organ in Group II. Group I Group II P. Hashimoto’s disease 1. Brain Q. Juvenile diabetes 2. Pancreas R. Multiple sclerosis 3. Skeletal muscle S. Myasthenia gravis 4. Thyroid (A) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4 (B) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4 (C) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3 (D) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3

Hashimoto’s Disease to Myasthenia Gravis

Q.38 Match separation methods in Group I with associated properties in Group II. Group I Group II P. Centrifugation 1. Density Q. Dialysis 2. Diffusivity R. Solvent extraction 3. Size S. Ultrafiltration 4. Solubility (A) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3 (B) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4 (C) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4 (D) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3

Matching Separation Methods

Q.37 Match enzymes in Group I with their corresponding industrial application in Group II. Group I Group II P. Amylase 1. Laundry detergent Q. Invertase 2. Fruit juice clarification R. Pectinase 3. Liquefaction of sucrose S. Xylanase 4. Pulp and paper processing (A) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (B) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4 (C) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4 (D) P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3

Enzyme Matching in Industrial Applications

Q.36 Which one of the following represents non-growth associated product formation kinetics in a bioprocess system? X and P denote viable cell and product concentrations, respectively.

Non-Growth Associated Product Formation

Q.35 The enzyme α-amylase used in starch hydrolysis has an affinity constant (Km) variable of 0.005 M. To achieve one-fourth of the maximum rate of hydrolysis, the required starch concentration in mM (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

α-Amylase Km 0.005 M

Q.34 A system consists of two reactors, connected by a valve. The first reactor (R1) contains an ideal gas A of volume 5 L and the second reactor (R2) has an ideal gas B of volume 10 L. Initially, the valve is closed and pressure P in R1 and R2 are 9 and 6 atm, respectively. Later, when the valve is opened, the system reaches equilibrium. If the temperature T of both the reactors is maintained constant, the final equilibrium pressure in atm of the system is _________.

Two Ideal Gas Reactors Equilibrium Pressure

Q.33 The value of limx→0 [(x − sin 2x) / (x − sin 5x)] (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Limit lim x→0 (x − sin 2x)/(x − sin 5x) Value

Q.32 Decimal reduction time of a bacterial strain is 20 min. Specific death rate constant in min-1 (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Decimal Reduction Time

Q.31 Three balls, colored in blue, green and red, are successively transferred from box A to box B in the order BLUE-GREEN-RED. The probability of a reverse transfer of the balls to the box A in the same order (rounded off to two decimal places) is _________.

Probability Reverse Transfer of Colored Balls

Q.30 The sum of the infinite geometric series 1 + 1/3 + 1/32 + 1/33 + ... (rounded off to one decimal place) is _________.

Sum of Infinite Geometric Series

Q.29 Which of the following cell organelle(s) is/are surrounded by a single phospholipid membrane? (A) Golgi apparatus (B) Lysosome (C) Mitochondria (D) Nucleus

Cell Organelles with Single Phospholipid Membrane

Q.28 Which of the following layer(s) is/are formed from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst? (A) Ectoderm (B) Endoderm (C) Mesoderm (D) Trophectoderm

Which Layers Form from Inner Cell Mass of Blastocyst?

Q.27 The cellular process which utilizes RNA-induced silencing complex to block gene expression is (A) RNA editing (B) RNA interference (C) RNA polyadenylation (D) RNA splicing

Cellular Process Using RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

Q.26 Which one of the following is CORRECT about microbial growth medium? (A) Luria-Bertani broth is a synthetic medium (B) Nutrient broth is a defined medium (C) Sabouraud dextrose agar is a differential medium (D) Trypticase soy agar is a complex medium

Microbial Growth Media

Q.25 The enzyme which adds phosphate group to the free 5' terminus of a DNA sequence is (A) adenosine kinase (B) alkaline phosphatase (C) polynucleotide kinase (D) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Polynucleotide Kinase

Q.24 A protein without its prosthetic group is known as (A) apoprotein (B) hemoprotein (C) holoprotein (D) lipoprotein

rotein Without Prosthetic Group

Q.23 The process and instrumentation diagram for a feedback control strategy to maintain the level (h) of a liquid by regulating a valve (V) in a tank is shown below. F1 is inlet liquid flow rate, F2 is outlet liquid flow rate, LT is the liquid level transmitter, LC is the liquid level controller, hsp is the setpoint value of the liquid level, hm is the measured value of the liquid level and Pv is the valve pressure. The manipulating variable(s) is/are (A) F1 only (B) F2 only (C) hm and Pv only (D) hsp and Pv only

Manipulated Variable in Level Control System

Q.22 The process by which intracellular macromolecules are supplied for lysosomal degradation during nutrient starvation is (A) apoptosis (B) autophagy (C) phagocytosis (D) pinocytosis

The Key Process for Lysosomal Degradation During Nutrient Starvation

Q.21 CRISPR-Cas system is associated with (A) adaptive immunity in eukaryotes (B) adaptive immunity in prokaryotes (C) innate immunity in eukaryotes (D) innate immunity in prokaryotes

Adaptive Immunity in Prokaryotes

Q.20 Under standard temperature (T) and pressure (P) conditions, 128 g of an ideal gas molecule A occupies a volume of 1 L. The gas molecule A obeys the relationship RT = 0.25 PV. R and V are universal gas constant and ideal gas volume, respectively. The molecule A is (A) CO2 (B) H2 (C) N2 (D) O2

Solve Ideal Gas Mystery

Q.19 Which one of the following techniques/tools is NOT used for inserting a foreign gene into a cell? (A) DNA microarray (B) Electroporation (C) Gene gun (D) Microinjection

Which Technique Is Not Used for Inserting Foreign Genes?

Q.18 d/dx}[ln(2x)]) is equal to (A) 1/(2x) (B) 1/x (C) 1/2 (D) x

Derivative of ln(2x)

Q.17 Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT about hybridoma production? (A) Hybridoma cells can use hypoxanthine and thymidine (B) DNA synthesis in myeloma cells is blocked by aminopterin (C) Hybridoma cells are made to produce polyclonal antibodies (D) Polyethylene glycol is used to fuse myeloma cells to B-cells

Hybridoma Production

Q.6 The order of genes present in a chromosome is as follows. L M -----------------●----------------- N O P Q Which one of the following rearrangements represents a paracentric inversion? (A) L O N -----------------●----------------- M P Q (B) L M -----------------●----------------- N P O Q (C) L M M -----------------●----------------- N N O P Q (D) L M N -----------------●----------------- O P Q

Paracentric Inversion Genetics

Q.15 The Cartesian coordinates (x, y) of a point A with polar coordinates (4, π/4) is (A) (√3, 2√2) (B) (2, 2√3) (C) (2√2, √3) (D) (2√2, 2√2)

Polar to Cartesian Coordinates

Q.14 Which one of the following methods is used to test the significance of a predicted phylogeny? (A) Bootstrap (B) Maximum likelihood (C) Maximum parsimony (D) Minimum evolution

Testing Significance in Predicted Phylogeny

Q.13 Number of unrooted trees in a phylogeny of five sequences is (A) 3 (B) 15 (C) 105 (D) 945

Number of Unrooted Trees for Five Sequences in Phylogeny

Q.2 The enzyme that transcribes the eukaryotic genes encoding precursor ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) of 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNAs is (A) RNA polymerase I (B) RNA polymerase II (C) RNA polymerase III (D) RNA polymerase IV

RNA Polymerase I Transcribes Eukaryotic Pre-rRNAs

Q.1 Coronavirus genome consists of (A) double-stranded DNA (B) double-stranded RNA (C) negative-sense single-stranded RNA (D) positive-sense single-stranded RNA

Coronavirus Genome Type

Q.10 Some people suggest anti-obesity measures (AOM) such as displaying calorie information in restaurant menus. Such measures sidestep addressing the core problems that cause obesity: poverty and income inequality. Which one of the following statements summarizes the passage? (A) The proposed AOM addresses the core problems that cause obesity. (B) If obesity reduces, poverty will naturally reduce, since obesity causes poverty. (C) AOM are addressing the core problems and are likely to succeed. (D) AOM are addressing the problem superficially.

Anti-Obesity Measures Like Calorie Menus

Q.9 Given below are two statements 1 and 2, and two conclusions I and II. Statement 1: All bacteria are microorganisms. Statement 2: All pathogens are microorganisms. Conclusion I: Some pathogens are bacteria. Conclusion II: All pathogens are not bacteria. Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following options is logically CORRECT? (A) Only conclusion I is correct (B) Only conclusion II is correct (C) Either conclusion I or II is correct. (D) Neither conclusion I nor II is correct

Bacteria Pathogens Microorganisms Logic Question

Q.8 There are five bags each containing identical sets of ten distinct chocolates. One chocolate is picked from each bag. The probability that at least two chocolates are identical is ___________ (A) 0.3024 (B) 0.4235 (C) 0.6976 (D) 0.8125

Five Bags with Ten Distinct Chocolates Each

Q.7 Items Cost (₹) Profit % Marked Price (₹) P 5,400 --- 5,860 Q --- 25 10,000 Details of prices of two items P and Q are presented in the above table. The ratio of cost of item P to cost of item Q is 3:4. Discount is calculated as the difference between the marked price and the selling price. The profit percentage is calculated as the ratio of the difference between selling price and cost, to the cost. (Profit % = (Selling price − Cost) / Cost × 100) The discount on item Q, as a percentage of its marked price, is ______. (A) 25 (B) 12.5 (C) 10 (D) 5

Cylinder and Cube Volume Ratio

Q.6 We have 2 rectangular sheets of paper, M and N, of dimensions 6 cm × 1 cm each. Sheet M is rolled to form an open cylinder by bringing the short edges of the sheet together. Sheet N is cut into equal square patches and assembled to form the largest possible closed cube. Assuming the ends of the cylinder are closed, the ratio of the volume of the cylinder to that of the cube is ________. (A) π/2 (B) 3/π (C) 9/π (D) 3π

Cylinder and Cube Volume Ratio

Q.5 _____ is to surgery as writer is to ________ Which one of the following options maintains a similar logical relation in the above sentence? (A) Plan, outline (B) Hospital, library (C) Doctor, book (D) Medicine, grammar

Unlocking Analogies

Q.4 A circular sheet of paper is folded along the lines in the directions shown. The paper, after being punched in the final folded state as shown and unfolded in the reverse order of folding, will look like _______.

Paper Folding and Punching

Q.3 Consider the following sentences: (i) Everybody in the class is prepared for the exam. (ii) Babu invited Danish to his home because he enjoys playing chess. Which of the following is the CORRECT observation about the above two sentences? (A) (i) is grammatically correct and (ii) is unambiguous (B) (i) is grammatically incorrect and (ii) is unambiguous (C) (i) is grammatically correct and (ii) is ambiguous (D) (i) is grammatically incorrect and (ii) is ambiguous

Unraveling Sentence Ambiguity and Grammar

Q.2 A polygon is convex if, for every pair of points, P and Q belonging to the polygon, the line segment PQ lies completely inside or on the polygon. Which one of the following is NOT a convex polygon?

Which Shape is NOT a Convex Polygon?

Q.1 The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 7 to 3. Among the options below, an acceptable value for the total number of students in the class is: (A) 21 (B) 37 (C) 50 (D) 73

Class Boys to Girls Ratio 7:3

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