10. During mitogenic stimulation, cells proliferate at a higher rate and it is primarily determined by an enhanced rate of protein synthesis. Among other mechanisms, MAP kinase pathway of signal […]
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mTOR-Mediated Regulation of Protein Synthesis: Key Roles of eIF4E-BP1 and PHAS-I
9. Insulin and other growth factors stimulate a pathway involving a protein kinase mTOR, which in its turn augments protein synthesis. mTOR essentially modifies protein( s) which in their unmodified […]
Role of Locus Control Regions (LCR) in Regulating Globin Gene Clusters: Mechanisms and Functions
8. Locus control region (LCR) lies far upstream from the gene cluster and is required for the appropriate expression of each gene in cluster. LCR regulates expression of globin genes […]
How Translation-Only Regulation Affects Gene Expression: Interpreting Northern and Western Blot Results
Expression of gene ‘A’ is a regulated by Mg2+. The expression of gene ‘A’ in untreated (UN) and cells treated with Mg2+ (T) was analysed by Northern hybridization (N) and […]
Protein X Functions as a Ribosome Dissociation Factor in the Presence of EF-G and GTP: Insights from Sucrose Gradient Profiles
13. Ribosomes prepared from a bacterium were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation (panel i) to separate the 30S, SOS and 70S populations. When the ribosome prepuation was incubated individually […]
Understanding Gene Expression Regulation: How Northern and Western Blots Reveal Multiple Control Mechanisms
The expression of a hypothetical gene was analyzed by Northern and Western blot hybridizations under control and induced condition. The results are summarized below: Expression of genes can be regulated […]
Understanding the Impact of Serine-to-Alanine Mutation on Transcription Factor Activity and Nuclear Localization
5. You are studying a transcriptional activator which is phosphorylated at serine residue that inactivates its nuclear localization signal. Which one of the following will be true if the serine […]
Understanding Why >70S Ribosomal Forms Are Not Recovered After EDTA Dissociation and Reassembly
When one isolates ribosomes from bacterial lysate, apart from 70S. 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits. One also finds a small population of 100S, 130S and 150S sub-units. EDTA dissociates these […]
Understanding Eukaryotic Gene Regulation: Key Statements and Their Accuracy
4. Following statements were made about regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. A. It is usually regulated at the level of initiation of altering the chromatin by transcription architecture. B. The […]
How to Interpret Polysome Profiles for CHP, LTM, and PTM Translation Inhibitors
11. Polysome profiling of cells treated with three hypothetical translation inhibitors is shown in the plot below. These three inhibitors are (i) CHP — leaky inhibitor of translation (ii) LTM […]


