Q.5

Which one of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal gland?

(A) Thyroxine

(B) Cortisol

(C) Insulin

(D) Melatonin

Cortisol is the hormone produced by the adrenal gland among the given options. This glucocorticoid plays a key role in stress response and metabolism regulation.

Correct Answer

B) Cortisol

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Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, is synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. It regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Adrenal glands, atop the kidneys, produce it in response to ACTH from the pituitary.

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Option Explanations

• A) Thyroxine: Produced by the thyroid gland, not adrenal; regulates metabolism and growth.

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• B) Cortisol: Correct; adrenal cortex hormone for stress, blood sugar, and inflammation control.

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• C) Insulin: Secreted by pancreatic beta cells; lowers blood glucose.

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• D) Melatonin: Made by pineal gland; controls sleep-wake cycles [, implied by exclusion].

Adrenal Gland Hormones

Adrenal glands produce cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. Cortisol handles chronic stress; excess causes Cushing’s syndrome. Deficiency leads to Addison’s disease.

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