70. Which one of the following statements are TRUE regarding specialized embryonic structures
peculiar to the grass family?
A. Thecotyledon has been modified by evolution to form an absorptive organ called coleoptile
B. Scutellum forms the interphase between the embryo and the starchy endosperm tissue
C. Coleoptile covers and protect the first leaves while buried beneath the soil
D. The base of the hypocotyl has elongated to form a protective sheath around the radicle called the
scutellum
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) A and C only
(b) A and D only
(c) B and C only
(d) C and D only

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Understanding Specialized Embryonic Structures in Grasses

Grasses (Poaceae) have unique and specialized embryonic structures that are adapted for their growth and development, especially during seedling emergence. These structures serve specific functions to ensure the survival of the seedling, protecting it during early growth stages.

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Correct Answer:

(a) A and C only

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Breakdown of the Statements

Let’s evaluate the provided statements:

• A. The cotyledon has been modified by evolution to form an absorptive organ called coleoptile
  This statement is true. In grasses, the cotyledon has evolved into a coleoptile, which is a protective structure that covers the first true leaves as they emerge from the seed. The coleoptile helps protect the young leaves as they push through the soil.

• B. Scutellum forms the interphase between the embryo and the starchy endosperm tissue
  This statement is also true. The scutellum is an important structure in grass seeds that forms a connection between the embryo and the endosperm. It serves as a nutrient absorptive organ, facilitating the transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the growing embryo.

• C. Coleoptile covers and protects the first leaves while buried beneath the soil
  This statement is true. The coleoptile is responsible for protecting the first true leaves during their initial stages of growth when they are still underground. It helps the leaves safely break through the soil surface.

• D. The base of the hypocotyl has elongated to form a protective sheath around the radicle called the scutellum
  This statement is false. The scutellum is not involved in forming a protective sheath around the radicle. Instead, it is part of the embryo that functions as an interface between the embryo and the endosperm, not around the radicle.

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Conclusion

The most accurate answer is (a) A and C only, as these statements correctly describe the roles of the coleoptile in protecting the first leaves and its function as an absorptive organ in grasses.