60. Match scientists in Group I with terms related to their major scientific contributions in Group
II.
Group I                                        Group II
(P) Sanger                               (i) DNA double helix structure
(Q) Watson and Crick          (ii) DNA sequencing
(R) Waksman                        (iii) Complement
(S) Bordet                              (iv) Streptomycin
(v) Immune tolerance
(A) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S-i
(B) P-ii, Q-iii, R-iv, S-v
(C) P-iv, Q-i, R-ii, S-v
(D) P-ii, Q-i, R-iv, S-iii

Frederick Sanger pioneered DNA sequencing methods, while Watson and Crick unveiled the DNA double helix structure. This guide breaks down the exact matches and why other options fail, aiding biology students and researchers.

Correct Answer

The right choice is (D) P-ii, Q-i, R-iv, S-iii.​

P (Sanger) pairs with (ii) DNA sequencing, as he developed chain-termination techniques in the 1970s. Q (Watson and Crick) matches (i) DNA double helix structure from their 1953 model. R (Waksman) links to (iv) Streptomycin, the antibiotic he discovered in 1943. S (Bordet) connects to (iii) Complement, for his work on serum bacteriolysis earning the 1919 Nobel.​

Option Breakdown

Each option tests precise historical contributions in genetics and immunology.

• (A) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S-i: Wrong. Sanger did not study complement; Watson-Crick never worked on streptomycin; Waksman ignored DNA sequencing; Bordet avoided DNA structure.

• (B) P-ii, Q-iii, R-iv, S-v: Incorrect. Watson-Crick bypassed complement; Bordet focused on complement, not immune tolerance (linked to Medawar).

• (C) P-iv, Q-i, R-ii, S-v: False. Sanger avoided antibiotics; Waksman did not sequence DNA; Bordet skipped immune tolerance.

• (D) P-ii, Q-i, R-iv, S-iii: Correct, as detailed above with verified scientist legacies.​

Why These Matches Matter

These pairings highlight milestones in molecular biology and microbiology. Sanger’s sequencing fueled genomics; Watson-Crick’s helix reshaped inheritance; Waksman’s streptomycin combated tuberculosis; Bordet’s complement advanced immunity understanding.​

Mastering such MCQs sharpens recall for exams like NEET or CSIR-NET, linking names to impacts in plant biology, genetics, and biotech research.