(A) Q, R

(B) P, Q

(C) R, S

(D) P, S

Correct Answer

✅ Option (A): Q and R

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Detailed Explanation

Phylogenetic classification systems are based on evolutionary relationships among plants. Each statement is analyzed below.

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Statement P

“The most popular phylogenetic system of classification is that of Bentham and Hooker.”
❌ Incorrect

• Bentham and Hooker proposed a natural system, not a phylogenetic one.

• Their work Genera Plantarum (1862–1883) is widely used but does not reflect evolutionary relationships.

✘ Hence, statement P is incorrect.

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Statement Q

“A true phylogenetic system of classification was proposed by Adolf Engler and published in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.”
✅ Correct

• Adolf Engler developed one of the earliest phylogenetic classification systems.

• His work emphasized evolutionary progression from simple to complex forms.

• Published in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.

✔ Statement Q is correct.

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Statement R

“The phylogenetic system proposed by John Hutchinson appeared in The Families of Flowering Plants.”
✅ Correct

• John Hutchinson proposed a well-known phylogenetic system.

• Published in The Families of Flowering Plants (1959).

• He suggested that dicots are more primitive than monocots.

✔ Statement R is correct.

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Statement S

“The origin of dicot from primitive monocot was proposed by Arthur Cronquist in Systema Naturae.”
❌ Incorrect

• Arthur Cronquist proposed a phylogenetic classification, but:

  • He believed dicots (magnoliids) are primitive, not derived from monocots.

  • Systema Naturae was written by Linnaeus, not Cronquist.

✘ Statement S is incorrect.

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Why Option (A) Is Correct

• Q is correct (Engler’s phylogenetic system)

• R is correct (Hutchinson’s phylogenetic system)

• Other options include at least one incorrect statement

✔ Therefore, the correct answer is Option (A): Q and R.

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Quick Exam Memory Tips

• Bentham & Hooker → Natural system

• Engler → First phylogenetic system

• Hutchinson → Phylogenetic, dicots primitive

• Cronquist → Magnoliids primitive, not monocots

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Exam Relevance

🔹 Frequently asked in CSIR-NET Life Sciences
🔹 Important for plant taxonomy & systematics
🔹 High-yield true/false and statement-based MCQs