52. Given below are a few statements on technologies/concepts related to development of transgenic plants: A. Frequency of genetic transformation is influenced only by the genes of Agrobacterium and not by those of the host plants. B. Transgenic plants containing a single copy of the transgene are preferred over those that contain multiple transgene copies for subsequent genetic analysis. C. Super virulent strains of Agrobacterium can be generated by increasing the copy number of virulence genes. D. A non conditional negative selection marker has to be necessarily used with a strong constitutive promoter for the development of transgenic plants. Which one of the following options represents a combination of all INCORRECT statements? (1) A and D only (2) C only (3) B and C only (4) D only
  1. Given below are a few statements on technologies/concepts related to development of
    transgenic plants:
    A. Frequency of genetic transformation is influenced only by the genes of Agrobacterium and not by those of the host plants.
    B. Transgenic plants containing a single copy of the transgene are preferred over those that contain multiple transgene copies for subsequent genetic analysis.
    C. Super virulent strains of Agrobacterium can be generated by increasing the copy number of
    virulence genes.
    D. A non conditional negative selection marker has to be necessarily used with a strong constitutive promoter for the development of transgenic plants.
    Which one of the following options represents a combination of all INCORRECT statements?
    (1) A and D only        (2) C only
    (3) B and C only         (4) D only

    The combination of all INCORRECT statements is (1) A and D only.
    Statements B and C are correct.


    Statement-by-statement analysis

    A. “Transformation frequency is influenced only by Agrobacterium genes, not by host plant genes.” – Incorrect

    Plant transformation efficiency depends on both bacterial and host factors.

    • Host genes affect susceptibility, T‑DNA transport, nuclear import and integration, and defense responses.​

    • Therefore it is wrong to say transformation is influenced “only” by Agrobacterium genes.

    B. “Single‑copy transgenic plants are preferred over multi‑copy plants for analysis.” – Correct

    For genetics and stable expression studies, single‑copy inserts are usually favored because:

    • Multi‑copy arrays are more prone to gene silencing and complex segregation, while single‑copy events are easier to map and analyze.​
      So B is a correct statement.

    C. “Super virulent Agrobacterium strains can be generated by increasing vir gene copy number.” – Correct

    “Super‑Agrobacterium” strains have been made by overexpressing vir genes (e.g., additional virG, virE, virD copies), which increases T‑DNA transfer and transformation frequency.​
    So C is also correct.

    D. “A non‑conditional negative selection marker must necessarily be driven by a strong constitutive promoter.” – Incorrect

    Negative selection markers need sufficient expression under specific selective conditions, but:

    • They are often used in conditional or positive–negative selection schemes, and promoter strength is tuned so that selection is effective yet not excessively toxic.​

    • There is no universal requirement that every non‑conditional negative marker be under a strong constitutive promoter; weaker or inducible promoters can be used depending on the design.
      Thus D is not generally true.


    Why option (1) is correct

    • A and D are broadly incorrect.

    • B and C are well‑supported by standard transgenic practice and literature.
      Hence, the option that lists all incorrect statements is A and D only (option 1).

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