Q10 What is the product formed upon decarboxylation of oxalic acid with release of one molecule of
CO2?
1. Acetic acid
2. Aspartic acid
3. Formic acid
4. Butyric acid

Decarboxylation of Oxalic Acid – Product and Mechanism

Decarboxylation is a crucial reaction in organic and biochemical processes. Understanding the decarboxylation of oxalic acid and the product formed is important for various competitive exams like DBT BET JRF, CSIR NET Life Science, IIT JAM, and GATE Biotechnology. This article explains the decarboxylation process of oxalic acid, the product formed, and its significance in biochemical pathways.

What is Decarboxylation?

Decarboxylation refers to the removal of a carboxyl group (–COOH) from a molecule, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the process. This reaction plays a key role in various metabolic pathways, including the Krebs cycle and other biochemical processes.

Reaction of Oxalic Acid Decarboxylation

Oxalic acid (HOOC–COOH) is a dicarboxylic acid that undergoes decarboxylation to release one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
HOOC–COOH        heat or catalyst​    ————————         HCOOH+CO2​

• Oxalic Acid → Formic Acid + CO₂

Correct Answer:

✅ The product formed upon decarboxylation of oxalic acid is formic acid.

✅ Correct Option: (3) Formic Acid

Why Formic Acid is Produced?

1. Oxalic acid contains two carboxyl groups.
2. Upon decarboxylation, one carboxyl group is removed as carbon dioxide (CO₂).
3. The remaining molecule forms formic acid (HCOOH).

Mechanism of Oxalic Acid Decarboxylation

1. Heating Oxalic Acid:
   When oxalic acid is heated, it undergoes breakdown.

2. Release of CO₂:
   One carboxyl group is released as carbon dioxide.

3. Formation of Formic Acid:
   The remaining molecule is converted into formic acid.

Biochemical Significance of Decarboxylation

1. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle):

• Oxidative decarboxylation is an essential step in cellular respiration.
• It generates energy by removing CO₂ from intermediates.

2. Metabolism of Amino Acids:

• Decarboxylation of amino acids produces biogenic amines like histamine and serotonin.

3. Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites:

• Plants and microorganisms use decarboxylation to generate bioactive compounds.

Importance for DBT BET JRF, CSIR NET Life Science, IIT JAM, and GATE Biotechnology

DBT BET JRF:

• Questions related to metabolic pathways and biochemical reactions often appear.

CSIR NET Life Science:

• Mechanisms of enzymatic reactions and organic chemistry are frequently tested.

IIT JAM:

• Covers organic reactions and metabolic pathways.

GATE Biotechnology:

• Focuses on biochemical reactions and product formation.

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Conclusion

The decarboxylation of oxalic acid results in the formation of formic acid and the release of carbon dioxide. This reaction is fundamental in biochemical pathways and metabolic processes. Understanding this mechanism is essential for success in competitive exams like DBT BET JRF, CSIR NET Life Science, IIT JAM, and GATE Biotechnology. For expert coaching and detailed study materials, trust Let’s Talk Academy – the leading institute for life sciences and biotechnology preparation.