A mixture of Cytochrome-C (MW 11.7 kD) and Myoglobin (MW 17.2 KD) are to be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their isoelectric pH (pI) values are 9.6 and 7.2 respectively. In which direction will each protein migrate at pH 8.5?
(a) Myoglobin will migrate to anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to cathode
(b) Myoglobin will migrate to cathode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to anode
(c) Both will migrate to anode
(d) Both will migrate to cathode
Correct Answer:
(a) Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
Explanation:
The migration of proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) depends on their net charge, which is determined by the pH of the buffer relative to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein.
Key Concepts:
- Isoelectric Point (pI): The pH at which a protein has no net charge and does not migrate in an electric field.
- pH vs. pI:
- If pH > pI, the protein has a net negative charge and migrates toward the anode (+).
- If pH < pI, the protein has a net positive charge and migrates toward the cathode (-).
Given Data:
- Cytochrome-C: pI = 9.6, MW = 11.7 kDa
- Myoglobin: pI = 7.2, MW = 17.2 kDa
- Electrophoresis Buffer pH = 8.5
Determining Migration Direction:
-
Cytochrome-C (pI = 9.6) at pH 8.5
- Since pH (8.5) < pI (9.6), the protein carries a net positive charge.
- Positively charged proteins migrate toward the cathode (-).
- Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
-
Myoglobin (pI = 7.2) at pH 8.5
- Since pH (8.5) > pI (7.2), the protein carries a net negative charge.
- Negatively charged proteins migrate toward the anode (+).
- Myoglobin will migrate to the anode.
Final Answer:
- Myoglobin → Anode (+)
- Cytochrome-C → Cathode (-)
Thus, the correct answer is (a) Myoglobin will migrate to anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to cathode.
105 Comments
Lokesh kumawat
February 28, 2025Done
Abhilasha
March 1, 2025Done
Nisha
March 1, 2025Best tutor
Ambaree Hassan
August 14, 2025Good and easy question..
Priya khandal
March 2, 2025Done sir
Suman bhakar
March 3, 2025Done sir
VIKRAM GAHLOT
March 5, 2025👍
Sumit Sultan
March 6, 2025🙌🙌✅
Kabeer Narwal
March 18, 2025👍👍
Seema
August 18, 2025Done 👍
Beena Meena
March 26, 2025✅👍
Arushi
April 1, 2025👍✔️
Prami Masih
April 9, 2025Okay sir ji
Komal soni
August 13, 2025Done sir 👍🏻
Dp
August 13, 2025Myoglobin towards anode
Cyt.C towards cathode
Dharmpal Swami
August 13, 2025Myoglobin towards anode
Cyt.C towards cathode
Deepika sheoran
August 13, 2025Myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode.
Neelam Sharma
August 13, 2025Cyt.c towards cathode and myoglobin towards anode.
Simran Saini
August 17, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to anode
Cytochrome-c will migrate to cathode
Deepika sheoran
August 14, 2025Myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode.
Vijay kumar Meena
August 25, 2025A ✔️
Mitali
August 14, 2025Done sir
Santosh saini
August 14, 2025Cytochrome c (11.7 kD), pI is 9.6 , ph is 8.5 = ph is less , so H+ ions more , so + charge & towards the negetive electrode ( cathode) and in myoglobin ph is High, so OH – more (-) charge, so move positive electrode
Asha gurzzar
August 14, 2025Cytochrome c will move towards cathode as ph is less+charge,and myoglobin basic -ve charge,ph is high so it will move towards anode
Neelam Sharma
August 14, 2025Cyt.c towards cathode and myoglobin towards anode
Karishma Don
August 14, 2025cytochrome c has pI 9.6 and the ph is 8.5, here the ph is less so H+ more and it get +ve charge and will move towards cathode. While myoglobin has ph more so OH- more, get -ve charge and will move towards anode
Anurag Giri
August 14, 2025Ans a
If pH > pI, the protein has a net negative charge and migrates toward the anode (+).
If pH < pI, the protein has a net positive charge and migrates toward the cathode (-).
payal
August 14, 2025In cytochrome c pi 9.6 and ph 8.5 so ph is less, H+ more so cytochrome c move towards cathode and myoglobin pi 7.2 and ph 8.5 ph is more oH- ion more so myoglobin move towards Anode
Khushi pareek
August 14, 2025Myoglobin :- net charge negative , move towards positive electrode ( anode) PIPH
Answer : a
Khushi Pareek
August 14, 2025Myoglobin towards anode
Cyt c towards cathode
Deepika sheoran
August 14, 2025Option a is correct answer
Because myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode
Deepika sheoran
August 14, 2025Option a is correct answer
Because myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode.
Aman Choudhary
August 14, 2025pi 9.6 and ph 8.5 so ph is low so h+ ions are more so cytochrome move towards the cathode and in myoglobin pi 7.2 and ph 8.5 oh- ions is more so it move towards anode
option A is correct
Gayatri Nama
August 30, 20251. Cytochrome-C(pI=9.6) at pH 8.5
Since pH (8.5)pl(7.2),the protein carries a net negative charge.
Negatively charged proteins migrate toward the anode (+).
Myoglobin will migrate to the anode(+).
Khushi Mehra
August 14, 2025Cytochrome c ki pi 9.6 and myoglobin ki pi 8.5 .
At pH 8.5 , cytochrome c will move towards the cathode and myoglobin towards the anode
Deepika Sheoran
August 14, 2025Option A is correct answer
Because myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode.
Khushi Singh
August 14, 2025Done
Urmi sisodiya
August 14, 2025cytochrome carries positive charge so it moves to cathode and the myoglobin carries negative charge so it moves to anode.
Soniya Shekhawat
August 14, 2025Cytochrome moves towards cathode and myoglobin move towards anode.
Savita Garwa
August 14, 2025In cytochrome c pi 9.6 and ph 8.5 so ph is less, H+ more so cytochrome c move towards cathode and myoglobin pi 7.2 and ph 8.5 ph is more oH- ion more so myoglobin move towards Anode
Nilofar Khan
August 14, 2025Answer is A
Roopal Sharma
August 14, 2025Cytochrome moves towards cathode and myoglobin towards anode
Kajal
August 14, 2025Myoglobin moves towards anode and cytochrome C move towards cathode
Surbhi Rajawat
August 14, 2025Answer is A because the ph of myoglobin is more therefore more OH- hence it will be negative and will move towards positive electrode
Shobha Sharma
August 14, 2025Myglobin will migrate to anode and cytochrome c – will migrate to cathode
Dipti Sharma
August 14, 2025(a) Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode .
Parul Yadav
August 14, 2025For cytochrome, pH is less than pI so it will move towards cathode and for Myoglobin pH is more than its pI so it will move towards anode.
Shivani
August 14, 2025Myoglobin migrates towards anode
Cytochrom C will migrates to cathode
Option a is correct
Priya khandal
August 14, 2025Option A is right myoglobin anode ki taref ja raha hai and cytochromec cathode per
Priti khandal
August 15, 2025Option A is correct myoglobin anode ki aur jayega and cytochrome cathode ki aur jayega because myoglobin ka ph jyada h to -ve charge and positive ke pass jayega cytochrome ka ph low h so +ve charge then negative ke pass jayega
Khushi Agarwal
August 15, 2025Option a is correct answer
pH > pl protein negative ← anode
pH < pl protein positive → cathode
Komal Pareek
August 15, 2025Myoglobin move to anode and Cyt c to cathode
Anil choudhary
August 17, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to cathode
MOHIT AKHAND
August 17, 2025Done sir ✅
Manisha gujar
August 17, 2025Myoglobin migrate toward anode and cytochrome c migrate toward cathode
Manisha gujar
August 17, 2025Myoglobin migrate toward anode and cytochrome c migrate toward cathode
Manisha gujar
August 17, 2025Mb migrate toward anode and cytochrome c migrate toward cathode option a is correct
Manisha gujar
August 17, 2025Mb move toward anode and cytochrome c migrate to carhode
Aafreen
August 17, 2025Ans- 1st Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode
PH>pi protein negative charge that is anode
PH<pi protein positive charge that is cathode
Sneha .......
August 17, 2025Chytochrome migrate to cathode nd myglobin migrate anode
Neeraj Sharma
August 17, 2025The pi of cytochrome c is more then tha ph hence the ph is less than pi so it contains (+)charge so it will move towards cathode and the pi of myoglobin is less than the ph hence the ph is high so it contains (-)charge so it will move towards anode.
Anjali
August 18, 2025Option a is correct answer.
Meenakshi Choudhary
August 18, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to cathode
Swati Choudhary
August 19, 2025Cytochrome -c will move towards cathode as it has positive charge(pI>pH) and vice versa for myoglobin.
Swati Choudhary
August 19, 2025Cytochrome -c will move towards cathode as it has positive charge(pI>pH) and vice versa for myoglobin.
Shrddha Modi
August 20, 2025Myoglobin move towards anode due to not charge is negative because pH > PI
Komal Sharma
August 21, 2025In myoglobin ph is less than pi so it negative means anion so it moved to anode.
In cytochrome c ph is more than pi so it positive means cation so it moved to cathode
Bhavana kankhedia
August 24, 2025myoglobin will migrate to anode and cytochrome will migrate to cathode
Bharti Yadav
August 24, 2025Myoglobin migrate towards anode and cytochrome c migrate towards cathode
Priyanka Choudhary
August 24, 2025Option a is correct answer,Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode
Priyanka Choudhary
August 24, 2025Option a is right answer,Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode
Urmi sisodiya
August 24, 2025Cytochrome c move toward cathode and myoglobin move toward anode
Aartii sharma
August 24, 2025Mioglobin move towards anode and cytochrome c towards cathode
Priya dhakad
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
Anil Choudhary
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to cath.
Anju
August 24, 2025Cytocrome move towards cathode and myoglobin moves towards anode
Niti Tanwar
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will migrate anode and cytochrome will migrate cathode
Alec
August 24, 2025myoglobin will migrate towards anode and cytochrome c will migrate towards cathode.
Bhavana kankhedia
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will migrate anode and cytochrome will migrate cathode
Bhavana kankhedia
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will migrate anode and cytochrome will migrate cathode.
Anjali
August 24, 2025cytochrome c will move towards the cathode and myoglobin towards the anode
Sonam Saini
August 24, 2025Myoglobin will anaerobic acid and cytochrome c will move towards the cathode
Sakshi
August 24, 2025Option c is correct Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and cytochromec will migrate towards cathode
Falguni Prakash
August 24, 2025Answer a
Varsha Tatla
August 24, 2025Cytochrome c move toward cathode n myoglobin mo ve toward anod electrode
Kashish yadav
August 25, 2025Done sir
Ayush Dubey
August 25, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode
Harish
August 25, 2025Yes
Harish Kumar
August 25, 2025A is correct answer
Savita Garwa
August 25, 2025Myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode.
Patel Radha
August 27, 2025Done
Savita Garwa
August 27, 2025Option A is correct answer
Because myglobin towards anode
Cytochrome.C towards cathode
Pratibha Jain
August 30, 2025Correct answer is option (a)
Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
Shriyanshi verma
August 30, 2025Myoglobin towards anode
Cyt.C towards cathode
anjani sharma
August 30, 2025Cytochrome c towards cathode and myoglobin towards anode
Anisha jakhar
August 31, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
Shobha Kanwar
August 31, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to anode
Cytochrome-c will migrate to cathode
Aartii sharma
September 1, 2025Cytochrome c towards cathode and myoglobin towards anode
Ajay Sharma
September 2, 2025Option a is correct because at ph 8.5 , myoglobin is negatively charged and cyt c is positively charged
Muskan Yadav
September 3, 2025Myoglobin will migrate to the anode and Cytochrome-C will migrate to the cathode.
Somya Yadav
September 5, 2025Cytochrome C will move toward cathode while myoglobin move towards anode
Kirti Agarwal
September 8, 2025PAGE depends upon net charge
If PH>PL protein has negetive charge and moves towards anode.
If PH<PL protein has positive charge and moves towards cathode.
So myoglobin moves towards anode and cytochrome moves towards cathode
Deeksha jharwal
September 8, 2025Mayoglobin towards anode and cytochrome-c towards cathode
Aakansha sharma Sharma
October 1, 2025Cytochrome moves towards cathode and myoglobin move towards anode
Harish Kumar
November 18, 2025Option b is correct because protein charge depend PH