Question 69:
The causes of increased Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) in human serum can be due to:
All options (A, B, C, D) can cause increased Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) levels in human serum, as GGT is a sensitive liver enzyme marker elevated by alcohol abuse, infections like hepatitis, pancreatic inflammation, and metastatic liver damage.
Option Analysis
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(A) Alcoholism: Correct. Chronic alcohol use induces GGT production in the liver, often the most common cause of isolated GGT elevation.
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(B) Hepatitis: Correct. Viral or other hepatitis inflames the liver, raising GGT alongside ALT/AST.
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(C) Pancreatitis: Correct. Pancreatic inflammation indirectly affects liver/bile function, elevating GGT.
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(D) Liver metastasis: Correct. Cancer spread to liver disrupts enzyme regulation, causing high GGT.
GGT Basics
Causes of increased GGT in human serum often signal liver or bile duct issues, with this enzyme rising in alcoholism, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and liver metastasis. GGT tests help diagnose these in exams like GATE Life Sciences.
Key Causes Explained
GGT elevation stems from liver stress:
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Alcoholism triggers enzyme induction.
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Hepatitis causes inflammation.
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Pancreatitis affects nearby ducts.
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Liver metastasis disrupts function.
| Cause | Mechanism | GGT Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Alcoholism | Liver enzyme induction | High |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation/necrosis | High |
| Pancreatitis | Bile/pancreas crosstalk | Moderate-High |
| Liver metastasis | Tumor disruption | Very High |
Exam Tips
Such multi-correct MCQs test broad knowledge. All listed conditions elevate serum GGT reliably.
