47. Binding of erythropoietin to its EPO receptor leads to activation of which signaling pathway? (1) JAK-STAT pathway (2) NF-kß pathway (3) Apaf-Smad pathway (4) Tyrosine kinase pathway Overview of […]
Tag: CELL SIGNALING
Tag: CELL SIGNALING
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Decoding the MAPK Signaling Pathway: Intracellular Protein Identification
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- October 16, 2025
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46. With reference to the signaling pathway shown above, which one of the following options correctly identifies the intracellular components? (1) a-Grb2, b-SOS, c=Ras-GTP, d=ERK (2) a=GRB2, b-Ras-GDP. c=MEK, d=ERK […]
Understanding MAP Kinase Pathway: The Role of ERK in Cell Signaling
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- October 16, 2025
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45. Which of the following is a component of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway? (1) IP3 (2) ERK (3) Protein Kinase B (4) JAK kinase Introduction The MAP kinase (MAPK) […]
Impact of C-Terminal Truncation on PDGF Receptor Function and Signaling
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- October 16, 2025
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43. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimer consisting of two identical polypeptides. On binding to its cell surface receptor.it induces dimerization of the receptor by binding to two […]
Calcium-Calmodulin Binding and Function: Debunking Common Misconceptions
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- October 16, 2025
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42. Localized increases in the cytosolic level of free Ca2+ arecritical to its function as second messenger. Calmodulin,a small cytosolic protein, mediates many cellular effectsof Ca2+. Which of the following […]
How IP3 Production Elevates Intracellular Calcium During Signal Transduction
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- October 16, 2025
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41. Effect of production of during Signal transduction pathway is (1) Closure of Ca2+ channel in ER (2) Increase in intracellular Ca2+ level (3) Increase of extracellular Ca2+ level (4) […]
How Intracellular Calcium Is Released: The Role of IP3 and Related Mechanisms
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- October 16, 2025
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40. Release of intracellular calcium is due to (1) absence of PIP2 hydrolysis. (2)rapiddephosphorylation of IP3 (3) retention of DAG in the cytosol. (4) activation of IP3 receptors. Introduction Calcium […]
Essential Cofactors for Protein Kinase C (PKC) Activation: Role of Phosphatidylserine, Ca²⁺, and Diacylglycerol
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- October 16, 2025
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39. In the context of signaling, the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) depends on multiple molecules for its complete activation. This activation depends on the presence of: A. phosphatidylserine at […]
Identifying the Receptor Without Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Its Cytoplasmic Domain: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Explained
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- October 16, 2025
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38. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor of which of the following proteins does NOT function as tyrosine kinase? (1) Epidermal growth factor (2) Platelet derived growth factor (3) Insulin […]
Activation Mechanism of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: The Crucial Role of Phosphorylation
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- October 16, 2025
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37. Activity of Receptor tyrosine kinase is initiated by (1) Phosphorylation (2) dephosphorylation (3) Methylation (4) Acetylation Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs): Phosphorylation as the Initiating Event Introduction Receptor […]


