Q.52 Choose the CORRECT set of matches between group I and group II in relation to plant genetic
transformation methods.
GROUP I
P. Helium
Q. Acetosyringone
R. Polyethylene glycol
S. Agarose embedding
GROUP II
1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. Microinjection
3. Particle bombardment
4. Protoplast
(A) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
(B) P −2, Q − 1, R −4, S− 3
(C) P −3, Q −4, R −1, S− 2
(D) P− 3, Q − 1, R −4, S− 2
Correct Matches in Plant Genetic Transformation Methods
The correct answer is (D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2. This option accurately pairs each item in Group I with its corresponding plant genetic transformation method in Group II.
Group I and II Matches
Plant genetic transformation introduces foreign DNA into plants using biological or physical methods. Each match reflects specific reagents or techniques used.
-
P. Helium → 3. Particle bombardment: Helium propels DNA-coated gold or tungsten particles into plant cells at high velocity, bypassing cell walls.
-
Q. Acetosyringone → 1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Acetosyringone induces virulence genes in Agrobacterium, activating T-DNA transfer to plant cells.
-
R. Polyethylene glycol → 4. Protoplast: PEG facilitates DNA uptake into protoplasts (plant cells without walls) through chemical-mediated transformation.
-
S. Agarose embedding → 2. Microinjection: Agarose stabilizes plant cells or embryos during direct DNA injection using a microcapillary needle.
Explanation of All Options
Option (A) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 incorrectly links helium to protoplasts instead of bombardment and mismatches others.
Option (B) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 wrongly assigns helium to microinjection, though acetosyringone and PEG match partially.
Option (C) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 mispairs acetosyringone with protoplasts and R with Agrobacterium.
Only option (D) aligns all correctly based on standard protocols.
| Option | P Match | Q Match | R Match | S Match | Correct? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 4 (Wrong) | 3 (Wrong) | 2 (Wrong) | 1 (Wrong) | No |
| B | 2 (Wrong) | 1 (Correct) | 4 (Correct) | 3 (Wrong) | No |
| C | 3 (Correct) | 4 (Wrong) | 1 (Wrong) | 2 (Correct) | No |
| D | 3 (Correct) | 1 (Correct) | 4 (Correct) | 2 (Correct) | Yes |
Key Transformation Techniques
-
Agrobacterium-mediated (1): Biological vector using phenolic inducers like acetosyringone for dicots.
-
Particle bombardment (3): Physical method with helium-driven particles for recalcitrant species.
-
Protoplast (4): Chemical fusion or uptake with PEG after enzymatic cell wall removal.
-
Microinjection (2): Precise DNA delivery into single cells embedded in agarose.
