Q.52 Match List I with List II
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| A. Penicillin B. Fermentation of sucrose and molasses to produce citric acid C. Fermentation of carbohydrates to produce ethyl alcohol and CO2 D. Irish potato famine | I. Aspergillus niger II. Phytophthora infestans III. Penicillium notatum IV. Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Penicillin is produced by Penicillium notatum, citric acid from sucrose and molasses fermentation uses Aspergillus niger, ethyl alcohol and CO₂ from carbohydrate fermentation involve Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the Irish potato famine was caused by Phytophthora infestans. The correct matching is option (C).
Correct Answer
Option (C): (A) – (III), (B) – (I), (C) – (IV), (D) – (II)
This option correctly pairs each item in List I with its corresponding microorganism or pathogen from List II.
Match Explanations
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A. Penicillin → III. Penicillium notatum: Penicillium notatum (now classified as P. chrysogenum in industrial strains) is the fungus that produces the antibiotic penicillin through fermentation, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
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B. Fermentation of sucrose and molasses to produce citric acid → I. Aspergillus niger: The mold Aspergillus niger is widely used in industrial citric acid production via submerged fermentation of sucrose or molasses under aerobic conditions.
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C. Fermentation of carbohydrates to produce ethyl alcohol and CO₂ → IV. Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Baker’s and brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae performs alcoholic fermentation, converting glucose anaerobically to ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and CO₂:
\ceC6H12O6−>[S.cerevisiae]2C2H5OH+2CO2 -
D. Irish potato famine → II. Phytophthora infestans: The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans caused the 1845–1852 Great Famine by infecting potato crops (Solanum tuberosum), leading to late blight disease.
Option Analysis
| Option | A Match | B Match | C Match | D Match | Correct? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | No |
| (B) | (III) | (I) | (II) | (IV) | No |
| (C) | (III) | (I) | (IV) | (II) | Yes |
| (D) | (III) | (IV) | (I) | (II) | No |
Option (A) wrongly links penicillin to A. niger (citric acid producer). Option (B) mismatches ethanol/CO₂ fermentation with P. infestans. Option (D) incorrectly assigns S. cerevisiae to citric acid. Only (C) aligns all pairings accurately, as verified in standard microbiology references and exam PYQs.
