Category: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Environment and Niche Concept

Category: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Environment and Niche Concept

CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Environment and Niche Concept

33. It has been observed that within a flowering season, a plant may produce more male flowers which may be correlated with the longevity of the flowers and the seasonal distribution of flowering in the plant. Which one of the following arguments do NOT support this observation of sex-specific floral phenology. (1) Females are often resource limited and therefore pollination levels will be increased by producing more male flowers. (2) Fluctuations in the rainfall pattern can influence pollinator service due to altered physiology of the plant during its reproduction, leading to a shift in flowering phenology of both sexes. (3) Plasticity in sex and their flowering phenology is determined neither by resource status of a taxa nor by fluctuations in climatic factors. (4) Male competition will favour floral features that improve pollinator visits and therefore more male flowers.

Sex-Specific Floral Phenology in Plants: What Does and Does NOT Explain the Production of More Male Flowers

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct? (1) Niche breadth tends to increase with interspecific competition while intraspecific competition tends to decrease (2) Species in unstable environments with fluctuating resource availabilities tend to have broad niche breadths. (3) K-strategists are likely to be better competitors than r-strategists in a climax community. (4) Diffuse competition increases with niche dimensionality.

Which Ecological Statement Is Incorrect? Debunking Myths About Niche Breadth, Competition, and Life Strategies

30. According to survival of fittest concept of natural selection one species out compete other species. Under such condition no two species can co-exist in same niche. Under which condition more than one species can live in same niche? (1) Abundance of resources (2) High competition (3) Niche overlapping (4) Utilization of similar resources

How Can Multiple Species Live in the Same Niche? The Role of Resource Abundance Explained

29. Among the following which would lead into new species formation- (1) Increased resources (2) Niche overlapping tolerance (3) Niche specialization (4) Lack of competition

How Does Niche Specialization Lead to New Species? Exploring the Link Between Adaptation and Speciation

Co-existence of several species of birds in an area is possible under the following conditions (1) High niche overlap and high niche differentiation (2) Low niche overlap and high niche differentiation (3) High niche overlap and low niche differentiation (4) Low niche overlap and low niche differentiation

How Do Birds Coexist? The Role of Niche Overlap and Differentiation in Species Coexistence

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for species coexistence? (1) Niche differentiation (2) Niche complementarity (3) Niche overlap (4) Amount of limiting resources is greater than the number of species

What Is NOT a Mechanism for Species Coexistence? Understanding Niche Overlap and Resource Availability

25. Generally organism tends to remain in realized niche. Under what condition realized niche can be greater than fundamental niche (1) Abundance of resources (2) Heterogeneity of resources (3) One species helping other in utilization of resources (4) Moving of organism from source to new sink area

When Can the Realized Niche Exceed the Fundamental Niche? Exploring Ecological Facilitation

24. In which of the following condition realized niche can exceed over fundamental niche? (1) Competition (2) Commensalisms (3) Ammensalism (4) Mutualism

Can the Realized Niche Exceed the Fundamental Niche? Exploring Ecological Interactions

23. Three bird species with similar habitat and diet preferences co-exist in a habitat. For these species, which one of the following statements is most likely to be correct? (1) The fundamental and realised niches of these species are same. (2) Their fundamental niches are greater than their realised niches. (3) Their realised niches are greater than their fundamental niches. (4) The fundamental and realised niches both will expand.

How Three Bird Species Coexist: Understanding Niche Dynamics and Competition

22. In a 2-species interaction, assume that it leads to competition in habitat A, but to facilitation in habitat B. Which of the following is true about the niches of these species? (1) Fundamental niches are larger than realized niches in habitat A but the opposite in habitat B. (2) Fundamental niches are smaller than realized niches in habitat A, but opposite in habitat B. (3) Fundamental niche and realized niches are equal in habitat B, but fundamental niches are larger than realized niches in habitat A. (4) Fundamental niches and realized niches are equal in habitat A, but realized niches are larger than fundamental niches in habitat B.

Niche Dynamics: How Competition and Facilitation Shape Species Niches in Different Habitats

You observed the two species of barnacles, species 1 and species 2, occupy upper and lower strata of intertidal rocks, respectively. Only when species 2 was removed by you from the lowers strata, species 1 could occupy both the upper and lower strata. From the choice given below what would be your inference from these observations. (1) Upper strata of intertidal rocks is the realised niche of the species1 (2) Upper strata of intertidal rocks is the fundamental niche of the species1 (3) Species 1 and species 2 exhibit mutualism (4) Species 1 can compete out species 2

Realised Niche in Action: How Barnacle Competition Shapes Intertidal Zonation

Gause's 'Competitive exclusion' principle states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate regarding the validity of the principle? (1) It depends on how one defines niche. (2) There are in nature many instances of continued coexistence of closely related species. (3) The principle is universally true. (4) It does not predict the outcome where, both the species are equally strong competitors

Competitive Exclusion Principle: Validity and Real-World Implications Explained

The Hutchinsonian concept of ecological niche is based on (1) microhabitat occupied (2) multidimensional hypervolume (3) role played in the ecosystem (4) a combination of role played and microhabitat occupied

Hutchinsonian Ecological Niche Explained: The Multidimensional Hypervolume Model

Which one of the following terms is used for species that exploit the same resources in a similar manner? (1) Guild (2) Taxonomic order (3) Community (4) Assemblage

What Is a Guild? Understanding Species That Exploit the Same Resources in Similar Ways

16. The diagram below shows the frequency distribution of three closely related bird species based on their beak sizes, across three different habitat patches A, B and C. All the three species co-exist in habitat A, whereas only species 1 occurs in habitat B and species 2occurs in habitat C. Which one of the following phenomena most appropriately explains the change in frequency distributions of species 1 and 2 in the figure given above? (1) Migration (2) Character displacement (3) Colonization (4) Succession

Character Displacement: Explaining Shifts in Bird Beak Size Distributions Across Habitats

15. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate example of character displacement? (1) Two related species depending on the same prey species avoid competition by feeding at different times of the day. (2) The body sizes of two related species are very similar when they are allopatric, but in geographical areas of sympatry, one species is significantly smaller than the other. (3) The food niche of a species is generally wider in the absence of competing species than in their presence. (4) Closely related species can coexist if their densities are regulated by a predator.

Character Displacement: The Best Example and Why It Matters in Evolution

14. Ecological compression differs from character displacement in that it operates on a (1) shorter timescale and does not involve heritable change. (2) longer timescale and does not involve heritable change. (3) shorter timescale and involves heritable change. (4) longer timescale and involves heritable change.

Ecological Compression vs. Character Displacement: Key Differences and Their Evolutionary Impact

Which statement explains the phenomenon of character displacement? (1) Organism of different species are morphologically similar in different habitat but looks different where they live together (2) Organism of different species look different where habitat donot overlap while look entirely similar where their habitat overlaps (3) Organisms phenotypically similar are genetically different (4) Organism develops various new characters in different habitats

Character Displacement Phenomenon Explained: Why Species Look Different When They Live Together

12. Certain species of bird shows variation in beak size only when they are sympatric. This is example of (1) Character displacement (2) Natural Selection (3) Ecological variations (4) Mutations

Character Displacement in Birds: Why Beak Size Varies Only When Species Are Sympatric

11. The same species of mosses may have different phenotype adapted to different altitude. They are termed as (1) Ecotype (2) Phenotype (3) Race (4) Ecophene

Moss Ecotypes: How the Same Moss Species Adapts to Different Altitudes

10. Individuals occupying a particular habitat and adapted to it phenotypically but not genotypically are known as (1) Ecophenes (2) Ecotypes (3) Ecospecies (4) Coenospecies

Ecophenes: Individuals Phenotypically Adapted to Their Habitat Without Genetic Change

Individuals with greater mass have a smaller surface area to volume ratio, which helps to conserve heat. This is known as (1) Leibig's rule. (2) Cope's rule. (3) Gloger's rule (4) Bergmann's rule

Bergmann’s Rule: How Greater Mass and Surface Area to Volume Ratio Help Animals Conserve Heat

8. A positive association between absolute average individual fitness and population size over some finite interval is known as (1) Allee effect (2) Founder effect (3) Rensch's rule (4) Bergmann's rule

Allee Effect: The Positive Link Between Individual Fitness and Population Size

A general increase in the average body mass of animal population within a species with latitude is known as (1) Allen's rule (3) Bergmann's rule (2) Allee effect (4) Hamilton's rule

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6. The birds in tropics are generally smaller in size because of- (1) To increase surface area to volume ratio (2) To decrease surface area to volume ratio (3) For easy flight (4) For heat conservation

Why Are Birds in the Tropics Smaller? The Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratio

5. Stenohaline organisms can (1) can only adapt to a narrow range of salinities (2) can adapt to a wide range of salinities, (3) can excrete extra salt to keep salt amount constant (4) lives in fresh water ponds

Stenohaline Organisms: Why They Can Only Adapt to a Narrow Range of Salinities

4. Benthic organism of lakes or sea are usually- (1) Producer (2) Herbivores (3) Carnivores (4) Decomposers

Benthic Organisms in Lakes and Seas: Are They Producers, Herbivores, Carnivores, or Decomposers

3. Limiting factor for primary production in open sea is (1) Constant tides (2) Low nutrients (3) High salinity (4) High temperature

Limiting Factor for Primary Production in the Open Sea: Why Low Nutrients Matter Most

2. Soil in naturally growing vegetation is- (1) Acidic due to decomposition of organic matter (2) Basic due to Bicarbonate in soil (3) Neutral due to silicate buffer (4) Acidic due to Sulphuric acid

What Is the Nature of Soil Under Naturally Growing Vegetation? Understanding Soil pH and Its Causes

1. Which of the following are abiotic factors? (1) temperature, rain fall, pH, Nutrients (2) temperature, rain fall, pH, Food (3) temperature, rain fall, Pathogens (4) temperature, rain fall, pH, viruses

Which of the Following Are Abiotic Factors? Detailed Explanation with Examples

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