Q.74. Match the cellular organelle in Group I with its function in Group II
Group I
P. Golgi apparatus
Q. Nucleolus
R. Peroxisome
S. Proteasome
(A) P− 3, Q − 2, R− 1, S − 4
(B) P − 3, Q − 4, R− 1, S −2
(C) P − 1, Q − 2, R− 4, S − 3
(D) P − 3, Q −1, R− 4, S −2
Group II
1. Lipid degradation
2. Protein degradation
3. Protein sorting
4. Ribosomal RNA synthesis
Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, peroxisome, and proteasome each perform distinct roles in eukaryotic cells, crucial for processes like protein handling and RNA synthesis. This article breaks down a standard matching question from biology exams, identifies the correct option, and explains all choices for clarity.
Organelle Functions
Golgi apparatus handles protein sorting and modification, packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport. Nucleolus specializes in ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly within the nucleus. Peroxisome breaks down lipids through beta-oxidation and detoxifies hydrogen peroxide using catalase. Proteasome degrades damaged or unnecessary proteins via ubiquitin tagging in the cytosol.[ from prior context]
Correct Answer
The correct matching is P-3 (Golgi apparatus – Protein sorting), Q-4 (Nucleolus – Ribosomal RNA synthesis), R-1 (Peroxisome – Lipid degradation), S-2 (Proteasome – Protein degradation). This corresponds to option (B). Standard cell biology confirms these pairings, as Golgi sorts post-ER proteins, nucleolus transcribes rRNA, peroxisomes oxidize fatty acids, and proteasomes target ubiquitinated proteins.
Options Breakdown
| Option | P (Golgi) | Q (Nucleolus) | R (Peroxisome) | S (Proteasome) | Correct? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | No – Nucleolus does not degrade proteins (2). |
| (B) | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | Yes – Matches all functions precisely. |
| (C) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | No – Golgi does not degrade lipids (1); peroxisome not for sorting (4). |
| (D) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | No – Nucleolus not for lipid degradation (1). |
Exam Preparation Tips
Focus on organelle specificity: distinguish proteasome (protein breakdown) from peroxisome (lipid/peroxide handling). Practice similar MCQs from NEET or CSIR-NET using diagrams of endomembrane system for Golgi and nucleolus visualization. Review beta-oxidation pathways for peroxisomes to avoid confusion with lysosomes.
