8. Witch one of the following statement. is generally true shout RNA polymerase II?
(1) It is dedicated to transcribing RNA from a single transcription unit, generally a large transcript. which is then processed to yield three types of ribosomal RNA.
(2) It transcribes varieties of small non- coding RNAs which are expressed in all cell types.
(3) It generally synthesizes various types of mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs.
(4) It is exclusively involved in synthesis of rRNA and tRNA

What Is Generally True About RNA Polymerase II? (CSIR NET Life Science)

Correct Answer

(3) It generally synthesizes various types of mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs.

Detailed Explanation

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the central enzyme in eukaryotic gene expression, responsible for transcribing DNA into the precursors of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and a variety of small non-coding RNAs, such as small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). This makes Pol II essential for the synthesis of most protein-coding transcripts and many regulatory RNAs in eukaryotic cells.

Why Are the Other Options Incorrect?

• Option (1): Describes the function of RNA polymerase I, which transcribes a single large rRNA precursor processed into three types of rRNA.

• Option (2): While Pol II does transcribe some small non-coding RNAs, it is best known for synthesizing mRNAs, and not all small non-coding RNAs are universally expressed in all cell types.

• Option (4): rRNA and tRNA synthesis are primarily carried out by RNA polymerase I and III, respectively—not Pol II.

Key Functions of RNA Polymerase II

• mRNA Synthesis: Transcribes all protein-coding genes, producing pre-mRNAs that are processed into mature mRNAs.

• Small Non-coding RNAs: Synthesizes snRNAs and miRNAs, which play roles in RNA splicing and gene regulation.

• Central Role in Gene Regulation: Pol II activity is tightly regulated by transcription factors and is a focal point for cellular control of gene expression.

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Summary:
RNA polymerase II is generally responsible for synthesizing various types of mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes (option 3). For more free resources and expert guidance, trust Let’s Talk Academy for your CSIR NET Life Science preparation!