182. The technique used in animal biotechnology for rapid multiplication and production of animals
with a desired genotype is:
A. Protoplast fusion and embryo transfer
B. Hybrid selection and embryo transfer
C. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
D. Nuclear injection of genetic material and embryo transfer

Overview

In animal biotechnology, rapid multiplication and genetic improvement of livestock are crucial goals. One of the most effective methods used to achieve this is the combination of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET).

What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?

• IVF involves the fertilization of an egg outside the animal’s body.

• It enables control over genetic combinations and can be used to select high-quality gametes (sperm and eggs).

• Embryos can be created using gametes from genetically superior animals.

What is Embryo Transfer (ET)?

• Once fertilization occurs in vitro, the developing embryos are transferred into surrogate mothers.

• This allows multiple offspring to be produced from a single genetically valuable female in a short time.

Why IVF and ET are Preferred:

• Rapid multiplication of genetically superior livestock.

• Increased efficiency in breeding programs.

• Preservation and propagation of elite genotypes.

• Useful in conservation biology for endangered species.

Other Options Explained:

• A. Protoplast fusion and embryo transfer: Relevant to plant biotechnology, not animals.

• B. Hybrid selection and embryo transfer: Hybrid selection is not a standard term in this context.

• D. Nuclear injection of genetic material and embryo transfer: Related to genetic engineering but not the primary method for rapid multiplication.

Conclusion

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are key tools in animal biotechnology to rapidly produce animals with a desired genotype, ensuring genetic consistency and improving livestock quality.

Correct Answer: C. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer