Understanding SWISS-PROT and Its Role in Bioinformatics

SWISS-PROT is a highly reliable and curated protein sequence database widely used in bioinformatics. It provides detailed annotations, including protein functions, structures, and modifications, making it one of the most trusted resources for molecular biology research. For students preparing for CSIR NET Life Science, IIT JAM, GATE Biotechnology, and DBT JRF, understanding the SWISS-PROT database is crucial for exam success.

Correct Answer: (D) Data is redundant

The correct answer is (D) because SWISS-PROT is designed to be a non-redundant database, meaning that each protein entry is unique and carefully curated to avoid duplication.

Keyphrase: SWISS-PROT Database

The SWISS-PROT database is a high-quality, manually curated protein sequence database that provides comprehensive annotations and functional information about proteins.

What is SWISS-PROT?

SWISS-PROT is a curated protein sequence database that was established in 1986. It is maintained by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). Unlike other protein databases, SWISS-PROT emphasizes accuracy, consistency, and detailed annotations.

Features of SWISS-PROT

1. High-Level Annotations

   • Provides detailed functional descriptions of proteins.
   • Includes information on post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization.

2. Manual Curation

   • All entries are reviewed and curated by experts.
   • Reduces errors and inconsistencies.

3. Non-Redundant Data

   • SWISS-PROT aims to keep only one entry per protein sequence.
   • Ensures high data quality and consistency.

4. Cross-References

   • Linked to other databases like PDB, Gene Ontology, and KEGG.
   • Facilitates comprehensive bioinformatics research.

Importance of SWISS-PROT in Bioinformatics

1. Functional Annotation

SWISS-PROT provides detailed functional descriptions of proteins, including enzymatic activity, binding sites, and structural motifs.

2. Protein-Protein Interactions

It offers information about how proteins interact with each other, helping researchers understand cellular processes.

3. Structural Data

SWISS-PROT includes links to structural databases like PDB (Protein Data Bank), allowing researchers to study protein conformation and folding.

4. Pathway Mapping

Cross-references with databases like KEGG enable researchers to map proteins to metabolic and signaling pathways.

Difference Between SWISS-PROT and Other Protein Databases

Why SWISS-PROT is Reliable

• Manually Curated: Expert curation reduces the chance of errors.
• Non-Redundant: Avoids duplication, improving data accuracy.
• Detailed Annotations: Provides deep insights into protein function and structure.

Example of SWISS-PROT Entry

Protein: Human Hemoglobin (HBA1)

• Accession Number: P69905
• Function: Oxygen transport in blood.
• Post-Translational Modifications: Acetylation at lysine residues.
• Pathway: Oxygen binding and release.

Common Applications of SWISS-PROT

1. Drug Discovery

• Used to identify drug targets by analyzing protein functions.

2. Evolutionary Studies

• Helps in understanding evolutionary relationships between proteins.

3. Disease Research

• Identifies mutations and variations linked to genetic disorders.

Conclusion

The SWISS-PROT database is one of the most reliable sources for protein sequence and functional information. Its curated and non-redundant nature makes it ideal for bioinformatics research, including drug discovery, protein function analysis, and evolutionary studies. Understanding SWISS-PROT is essential for students preparing for competitive exams like CSIR NET, IIT JAM, GATE Biotechnology, and DBT JRF.

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FAQs

Q1. What is the main feature of SWISS-PROT?
SWISS-PROT provides detailed functional annotations and is manually curated.

Q2. How is SWISS-PROT different from TrEMBL?
SWISS-PROT is manually curated, while TrEMBL is automatically generated and may contain redundancy.

Q3. Why is SWISS-PROT considered reliable?
Its expert curation and non-redundant nature make it highly accurate.

This article was prepared with insights from Let’s Talk Academy, the top coaching institute for competitive life science exams