Q.16 Match the hormones in Group I with their functions in Group II
| Group I | Group II |
|---|---|
| P) Aldosterone | 1) Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens from the testis |
| Q) Luteinizing hormone (LH) | 2) Helps in the re-absorption of Na⁺ and water from the kidney |
| R) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) | 3) Increases the heart rate and the strength of heart contraction. |
| S) Epinephrine | 4) Causes dilation of blood vessels and reduction of blood pressure |
Correct matching is: P‑2, Q‑1, R‑4, S‑3, so the right option is (A).
Question keywords and concept
This question tests matching of aldosterone, luteinizing hormone, atrial natriuretic factor and epinephrine with their main physiological actions in the human body. Understanding which hormone controls renal sodium reabsorption, androgen synthesis, vasodilation with fall in blood pressure, and increased heart rate is crucial for endocrine physiology and competitive exams.
Detailed matching of each hormone
Aldosterone (P)
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Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid from the adrenal cortex that acts mainly on distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney.
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Its primary role is to increase re‑absorption of Na+ and water and enhance K+ and H+ excretion, thereby supporting extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
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Therefore P matches statement 2: “Helps in the re‑absorption of Na⁺ and water from the kidney.”
Luteinizing hormone, LH (Q)
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LH is an anterior pituitary gonadotropin that acts on Leydig cells in the testis in males.
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It stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone and other androgens, which are essential for spermatogenesis and male secondary sexual characters.
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Hence Q matches statement 1: “Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens from the testis.”
Atrial natriuretic factor, ANF (R)
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Atrial natriuretic factor (also called ANP) is a peptide hormone released from atrial cardiac muscle cells when blood volume or pressure is high.
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ANF promotes vasodilation and increases renal sodium and water excretion, leading to reduction in blood pressure.
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Thus R matches statement 4: “Causes dilation of blood vessels and reduction of blood pressure.”
Epinephrine (S)
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Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a catecholamine from the adrenal medulla that binds to α and β adrenergic receptors.
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In the heart, it increases heart rate and strength of contraction, raising cardiac output and systolic blood pressure—core to the “fight or flight” response.
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Consequently S matches statement 3: “Increases the heart rate and the strength of heart contraction.”
Why other MCQ options are wrong
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Option (B) P‑2, Q‑1, R‑4, S‑3 – This actually contains the same correct mapping as option (A) in the text given, but in standard exam keys only one option is correct; the intended correct key is the set P‑2, Q‑1, R‑4, S‑3 corresponding to option (A) in the original paper.
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Option (C) P‑1, Q‑2, R‑3, S‑4 – Incorrect because aldosterone does not stimulate androgen synthesis, LH is not a renal sodium‑retaining hormone, ANF does not directly increase heart rate, and epinephrine is not primarily vasodilatory with blood‑pressure reduction.
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Option (D) P‑3, Q‑4, R‑2, S‑1 – Incorrect because aldosterone is not the main hormone for increasing heart rate, LH does not cause generalized vasodilation, ANF causes natriuresis rather than renal Na⁺ re‑absorption, and epinephrine is not the chief stimulator of testicular androgen synthesis.
SEO‑friendly introduction:
Mastering endocrine physiology MCQs requires a clear understanding of how to match specific hormones with their exact target functions in the body. This question on aldosterone, luteinizing hormone, atrial natriuretic factor and epinephrine asks you to match the hormones in Group I with their functions in Group II, a favorite format in medical and life‑science entrance exams. Knowing these classic pairings helps you answer similar hormone‑based matching questions quickly and accurately in competitive exams.
