45. Which hormone     induces formation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) protein during seed maturation?
(1) Gibberellic acid            (2) Ethylene
(3) Abscisic acid                   (4) Cytokinin

Correct answer: (3) Abscisic acid

Explanation:

• Abscisic acid (ABA) induces the formation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins during seed maturation.

• LEA proteins accumulate in the late stages of embryo development and play critical roles in protecting cells against desiccation and osmotic stress, ensuring seed viability.

• Gibberellic acid, ethylene, and cytokinins do not directly induce LEA protein formation during seed maturation.

Option details:

• (1) Gibberellic acid — promotes germination, not LEA accumulation.

• (2) Ethylene — involved in ripening and senescence, not LEA protein induction.

• (3) Abscisic acid — correct; key inducer of LEA proteins for desiccation tolerance.

• (4) Cytokinin — promotes cell division, no role in LEA induction.

  ABA governs seed maturation processes including the synthesis of LEA proteins that enhance desiccation tolerance, contributing to seed longevity and successful germination under favorable conditions.