Overview of Neuroglia Functions

Neuroglia (glial cells) in the central nervous system (CNS) include oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, and ependymal cells, each with distinct roles:

• Oligodendrocytes: Myelinate CNS neurons by producing myelin sheath around axons and contribute to neuronal insulation.

• Microglia: Act as the CNS resident immune cells capable of movement and phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue.

• Astrocytes: Maintain ion homeostasis such as potassium buffering, contribute to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), provide metabolic support, and regulate neurotransmitter uptake.

• Ependymal Cells: Line the ventricular system and central canal; ciliated to facilitate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation.

Evaluating Each Statement

(A) Oligodendrocytes help maintain K+ level, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier

• Incorrect.
  Oligodendrocytes mainly form the myelin sheath around CNS axons. Potassium regulation and BBB maintenance are primarily functions of astrocytes, not oligodendrocytes.elifesciences+2

(B) Microglia are capable of movement and phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue

• Correct.
  Microglia are the motile immune cells of the CNS that remove debris and pathogens.elifesciences

(C) Astrocytes produce the myelin sheath to electrically insulate neurons of the CNS

• Incorrect.
  Myelin production is the function of oligodendrocytes, not astrocytes. Astrocytes support neuronal function but do not myelinate axons.

(D) Ependymal cells which are ciliated are involved in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

• Correct.
  The ciliated ependymal cells move CSF through the ventricular system.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1

Combining Incorrect Statements

• (1) A and B

• (2) A and C

• (3) A and D

• (4) C and D

Incorrect statements are (A) and (C).

Summary Table of Correctness

Conclusion

The correct option representing the combination of all incorrect statements about neuroglia is:

(2) A and C