What would be the effect of retinoic acid (RA) treatment on the ‘positional information’ of blastema cells present on the amputated newt limb? (1) RA will have no effect (2) […]
Tag: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in Animals
Tag: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in Animals
CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in Animals
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Retinoic Acid-Induced Limb Formation in Tadpole Tail Regeneration: Mechanisms and Implications
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- November 9, 2025
- 2 Comments
In tadpoles, if the tail is amputated it can regenerate. However, if the tail is amputated and then exposed to retinoic acid, it develops limbs instead of regenerating the tail. […]
How Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Specifies the Anterior-Posterior Axis During Tetrapod Limb Development
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- November 9, 2025
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Sonic hedgehog (Shh) specifies the anterior-posterior axis during limb development. Which one of the following statements regarding it is correct? (1) Shh secreting cells undergo apoptosis after performing its function. […]
Molecular Interactions Between the Apical Ectodermal Ridge and Limb Bud Mesenchyme During Tetrapod Limb Development
Following figure shows the early interactions between the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) and the limb bud mesenchyme. The red lines with block head indicate repression while the black lines indicate […]
Coordination of Axes Specification in Chick Limb Development: Roles of FGF, Shh, Wnt7a, and BMP
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- November 9, 2025
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The mechanisms specifying the three axes of a tetrapod limb are interrelated and coordinated. In case of chick limb development the following statements were made: A. In the positive feedback […]
Experimental Demonstration of Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) and Limb Mesenchyme Interactions in Chick Wing Development
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- November 9, 2025
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During wing development in chick, if Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is removed, the limb development ceases, on the other hand placing leg mesenchyme directly beneath the wing AER, distal hindlimb […]
Interactions Between Apical Ectodermal Ridge and Limb Mesenchyme During Proximodistal Limb Growth
In the context of the proximal-distal growth and differentiation of a tetrapod limb following experiments were visualized (A) If the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is removed at any time during […]
Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) Function and Limb Bud Mesenchyme Interactions in Chick Limb Development
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- November 9, 2025
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A set of experiments that were carried out to demonstrate the effect of Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) of the chick limb bud on the underlying mesenchyme are enlisted below, along […]
Apical Ectodermal Ridge and Limb Mesenchyme Interactions Governing Proximodistal Limb Development in Tetrapods
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- November 9, 2025
- 2 Comments
The proximal distal growth and differentiation of the tetrapod limb bud are made possible by a series of interactions between the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and limb bud mesenchyme directly […]
Role of FGFs in Apical Ectodermal Ridge Function During Vertebrate Limb Development
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- November 9, 2025
- 2 Comments
During vertebrate limb development, a specialized ectodermal structure, called Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER), forms at the dorso-ventral ectodermal boundary at the distal tip of the developing limb bud. The following […]


