The correct answer is (1) Cotton.

Bt cotton (genetically modified insect‑resistant cotton) is the ONLY transgenic crop that has been formally approved for commercial cultivation in India. Bt brinjal and GM mustard have faced approvals at the regulatory level but remain under moratorium or legal challenge and are not approved for large‑scale commercial cultivation.​

Option-wise explanation

1. Cotton – Correct

• Bt cotton expressing insecticidal Cry proteins was approved in 2002 and has been widely adopted, covering the vast majority of India’s cotton area.​

• It remains the only GM crop with full commercial cultivation approval.

2. Brinjal – Incorrect

• Bt brinjal received GEAC approval in 2009–2010 but was put under an indefinite moratorium due to biosafety and socio‑economic concerns; only limited trials have been allowed, not nationwide commercial cultivation.​

3. Cotton and Brinjal – Incorrect

• Combines one approved crop (cotton) with one still under moratorium (brinjal), so the pair is not correct for commercial cultivation.

4. Cotton, Brassica, Brinjal – Incorrect

• GM mustard (a Brassica) received GEAC approval for environmental release, but its commercial rollout is stayed and under Supreme Court scrutiny; Bt brinjal remains under moratorium.​

• Therefore, only cotton qualifies as an approved transgenic crop for commercial cultivation.

SEO‑oriented introduction (for article use)

India has adopted a highly cautious approach to genetically modified crops, and despite decades of research, Bt cotton is still the only transgenic crop officially approved for commercial cultivation. Other engineered crops such as Bt brinjal and GM mustard (Brassica) have reached various stages of regulatory approval but remain blocked by moratoria or court cases, so the correct answer is that only cotton is commercially cultivated as a GM crop in India.