66. Given below are some of the statements regarding regeneration: A. The type of regeneration characteristic of mammalian liver is considered as compensatory regeneration. B. Regrowth of hair shaft from follicular cells exemplifies stem cell mediated regeneration. C. Regeneration occurring through the re-patterning of existing tissues with little new growth is known as morphallaxis. D. Adult structures undergoing dedifferentiation forming a blastema, that then re-differentiates to form the lost structure is called epimorphosis. Choose the most appropriate combination of correct statements: (1) D only (2) C and D only (3) A, Band C only (4) A, B, C and D
  1. Given below are some of the statements regarding regeneration:
    A. The type of regeneration characteristic of mammalian liver is considered as compensatory
    regeneration.
    B. Regrowth of hair shaft from follicular cells exemplifies stem cell mediated regeneration.
    C. Regeneration occurring through the re-patterning of existing tissues with little new growth is known as morphallaxis.
    D. Adult structures undergoing dedifferentiation forming a blastema, that then re-differentiates to form the lost structure is called epimorphosis.
    Choose the most appropriate combination of correct statements:
    (1) D only (2) C and D only
    (3) A, Band C only (4) A, B, C and D


    Analysis of Statements

    • A. Compensatory regeneration in mammalian liver:
      Mammalian liver regeneration is a classic example of compensatory regeneration, where the liver restores its mass through the proliferation and hypertrophy of mature hepatocytes without forming a blastema or completely replacing cell types. This has been well documented in liver injury and partial hepatectomy models.

    • B. Stem cell-mediated regeneration in hair follicle:
      Hair follicles regenerate their hair shaft cyclically through stem cell populations residing in the follicle bulge. These stem cells proliferate and differentiate to replenish the hair shaft and surrounding structures, exemplifying stem cell-mediated regeneration.

    • C. Morphallaxis:
      Morphallaxis refers to regeneration through repatterning of existing tissues with little or no new growth, a mechanism exemplified by hydra regeneration where tissue rearrangement restores lost parts without major proliferation.

    • D. Epimorphosis:
      Epimorphosis involves dedifferentiation of cells at the injury site to form a blastema, consisting of undifferentiated proliferating cells that later redifferentiate to reconstruct the missing structure. This is characteristic of salamander limb regeneration and other vertebrate examples.


    Why All Statements Are Correct

    Each statement accurately describes a different mode or aspect of regeneration:

    • Liver regeneration is compensatory (A).

    • Hair follicle regeneration involves stem cells (B).

    • Morphallaxis entails tissue repatterning with minimal growth (C).

    • Epimorphosis depends on blastema formation from dedifferentiated cells (D).

    Therefore, all four statements collectively represent valid regenerative processes.


    Summary

    The most appropriate combination reflecting accurate regeneration statements is A, B, C, and D. They collectively cover compensatory growth, stem cell-based renewal, morphallactic tissue reorganization, and epimorphic blastema-driven regeneration, illustrating the diversity of regenerative mechanisms.


    Final Answer:
    (4) A, B, C and D

3 Comments
  • Neelam Sharma
    November 15, 2025

    (4) A, B, C and D

  • Bhawna Choudhary
    November 17, 2025

    A B C D

  • Kajal
    November 18, 2025

    All

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