96. Hemolytic disease of the newborn develops when maternal 𝐼𝑔𝐺 antibodies specific for fetal bloodgroup antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. The disease is called
1. Erythroblastosis fetalis
2. Haemolytic Anaemia
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. Hemophillia A
Question:
Hemolytic disease of the newborn develops when maternal IgG antibodies specific for fetal blood group antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. The disease is called:
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Erythroblastosis fetalis
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Haemolytic Anaemia
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Hemophilia A
Correct Answer:
1. Erythroblastosis fetalis
Explanation:
Erythroblastosis fetalis (also known as Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, or HDN) is a serious condition that occurs when:
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A Rh-negative mother produces IgG antibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells of her fetus.
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These antibodies can cross the placenta and target the fetus’s red blood cells, leading to hemolysis (destruction of RBCs).
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As a compensatory mechanism, erythroblasts (immature red blood cells) are produced in excess, hence the name “erythroblastosis.”
This condition can result in:
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Severe anemia
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Jaundice
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Enlarged liver/spleen
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In extreme cases, hydrops fetalis or stillbirth
Other Options Explained:
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2. Hemolytic Anemia: General term for anemia caused by red blood cell destruction; not specific to newborns.
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3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease; unrelated to HDN.
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4. Hemophilia A: A genetic disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor VIII; does not involve maternal antibodies or RBCs.
Conclusion:
When maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells, the condition is specifically known as erythroblastosis fetalis, making Option 1 the correct answer.
Correct Answer: 1. Erythroblastosis fetalis
