35. The ecosystem having longest energy transfer time is (1) Tropical rain forest (2) Ocean (3) Desert (4) Temperate Deciduous forest Introduction Energy flow is the foundation of all […]
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How is Primary Productivity Measured in Ponds? The Most Common Method Explained
The most commonly used method of estimating primary productivity of a pond involves measurement of the amount (1) CO2 utilized (2) autotroph biomass. (3) oxygen released. (4) organic carbon […]
How to Calculate Gross Primary Productivity Using the Light-and-Dark Bottle Method: A Step-by-Step Guide
Aquatic primary production was measured using Light-and-Dark Bottle technique. If the initial oxygen concentration was l and the final oxygen concentration in the light bottle is L and that in […]
How to Measure Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems: The Light-and-Dark-Bottle Method
Primary production in aquatic ecosystem is measured using Light-and-Dark-Bottle technique. In this method, as an indirect measure of photosynthetic production, dissolved oxygen concentration of the pond water enclosed in a […]
How to Rank Forest Green Cover Using Spectral Sensor Data
A researcher collected information from four forest using sensors to assess their green cover. Observed average spectral values from each of the forest are given in the table below: The […]
Best Spectral Bands for Vegetation Analysis in Remote Sensing
Which of the following is the most appropriate spectral bands for vegetation analysis using remote sensing platforms? (1) Red, Near Infrared (2) Infrared, Visible (3) Red, Microwave (4) Visible, Microwave […]
Why Does Tree Productivity Decline With Age? – Exploring the Causes
Possible explanations for the age related decline in primary productivity of trees are: A. As trees grow larger with age, they have more tissues that respire and loose energy and […]
Which Ecosystem Has the Highest Net Primary Productivity? – Comparing Boreal, Swamps, Tundra, and Grasslands
Among the following maximum net primary productivity is observed at (1) Boreal forests (2) Swamps and Marsh (3) Tundra and alpine (4) Temperate grasslands Introduction Net primary productivity (NPP) […]
Which Forest Type Has the Highest Biomass Turnover Time? – Understanding Ecosystem Dynamics
Biomass turnover time is the ratio between biomass and production of an ecosystem. Which of the following forests should have highest biomass turnover time? (1) Tropical dry forests (2) Tropical […]
What Percentage of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Is Used for Photosynthesis?
What percentage of photo active radiation are actually utilized for photosynthesis by plants (1) Lesser then 0.1 (2) 1-3 (3) 10-20 (4) >20 Introduction Photosynthesis is the process by […]


