Given below is an ecological pyramid. The above pyramid represents: (1) Pyramid of number of a parasitic food chain and pyramid of biomass of a pond ecosystem (2) Pyramid of […]
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Which Statement About Herbivores and Food Chains Is Incorrect? Key Ecological Facts
Which one of the following statement is NOT correct? (1) Herbivores enhance the productivity of a productive ecosystem and reduce the productivity of an unproductive ecosystem. (2) Detritus based food […]
Understanding Energy Flow in Ecosystems: Key Generalizations and Their Ecological Significance
Following are some of the generalizations regarding energy flow in an ecosystem: A. Assimilation efficiency of carnivores is higher than herbivores. B. Consumption efficiency of aquatic herbivores is higher than […]
Understanding Energy Efficiencies: Ectotherms vs. Endotherms
Following are certain statements regarding energy efficiencies of ectotherms and endotherms: A. Ectotherms have high assimilation efficiency but low production efficiency. B. Ectotherms have low assimilation efficiency but high production […]
Digestion Efficiency vs. Ecological Efficiency: Comparing Ectotherms and Endotherms
Which of the following is true about the Digestion Efficiency (DE)-(assimilation/consumption) and Ecological Efficiency (EE) (production/consumption) of ectotherms and endotherms? (1) Endotherms have a high DE and ectotherms have a […]
What Is Lindeman’s Efficiency? Understanding the Formula and Its Components
Lindeman’s efficiency between trophic levels is depicted by the formula: Efficiency = A/B Where, A and B, respectively are: (1) ‘assimilation at trophic level n’ and ‘assimilation at trophic level […]
Comparing Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems: Trophic Levels, Productivity, and Herbivore Efficiency
Which of the following set of observations is true with reference to a comparison of aquatic (A) and terrestrial (T) ecosystems? (1) Number of trophic levels is more in A […]
How to Calculate Energy Flow Values in Trophic Levels Using Percentages
The diagram below depicts energy flow within a single trophic level, where l-amount ingested, NA= amount not assimilated, R=respiration, and Pn = biomass production at trophic level. Which one of […]
Why Are Aquatic Ecosystems More Productive and Efficient Than Terrestrial Ones?
Autotrophs in the aquatic ecosystem, unlike their counterparts in the terrestrial ecosystem are mostly microscopic and very low in indigestible (to the herbivores) matter. This explains the fact that compared […]
How to Match Net Primary Production:Biomass (P:B) Ratios to Ecosystems
The approximate P:B (Net Primary Production: Biomass) ratios in four different ecosystems (A, B, C, D) are A – 0.29; B – 0.042, C – 16.48; D – 8.2. The […]


