53. NF-kB is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role inimmune response and inflammatory response. In itsresting state, NF-kB is rendered inactive in the cytosolby bound with lKB. When […]
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Interferon Signaling and STAT Activation: Clarifying Common Misconceptions
52. Interferon α, β and γare cytokines produced and secreted by animal cells after infection by viruses. which of the following statements about interferons is INCORRECT? (1) When mammalian cells […]
Understanding Which Receptor Lacks Intrinsic Protein Kinase Activity: Growth Hormone Receptor Explained
51. Receptor for which one of the following proteins spans the plasma membrane of target cells but DOES NOT contain intrinsic protein kinase activity? (1) Epidermal growth factor (2) Insulin […]
Understanding Which Ligands Are Not Recognized by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases with Cytoplasmic Kinase Activity
50. Proteins with cytoplasmic domains having tyrosine kinase activity do NOT act as receptors for (1) Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (2) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (3) Insulin (4) Transferrin Introduction […]
Impact of Extracellular Domain Deletion in EGF Receptor on Cell Growth and Signaling
49. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is needed for growth of almost all cells. EGF receptor is a transmembrane protein having an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytosolic […]
Key Insights and Common Misconceptions About Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling
48. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKS) form a large and important class of cell surface receptors whose ligands are soluble or membrane bound protein or peptide hormones. Which of the following […]
Erythropoietin Receptor Activates the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway for Erythropoiesis
47. Binding of erythropoietin to its EPO receptor leads to activation of which signaling pathway? (1) JAK-STAT pathway (2) NF-kß pathway (3) Apaf-Smad pathway (4) Tyrosine kinase pathway Overview of […]
Decoding the MAPK Signaling Pathway: Intracellular Protein Identification
46. With reference to the signaling pathway shown above, which one of the following options correctly identifies the intracellular components? (1) a-Grb2, b-SOS, c=Ras-GTP, d=ERK (2) a=GRB2, b-Ras-GDP. c=MEK, d=ERK […]
Understanding MAP Kinase Pathway: The Role of ERK in Cell Signaling
45. Which of the following is a component of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway? (1) IP3 (2) ERK (3) Protein Kinase B (4) JAK kinase Introduction The MAP kinase (MAPK) […]
Impact of C-Terminal Truncation on PDGF Receptor Function and Signaling
43. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimer consisting of two identical polypeptides. On binding to its cell surface receptor.it induces dimerization of the receptor by binding to two […]


