46. A protein especially abundant in desiccated seeds and also help in osmotic adjustment
(1) LEA                 (2) HSP
(3) Globin             (4) alpha-amylase

Correct answer: (1) LEA

Explanation:

• LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) proteins are especially abundant in desiccated seeds and also help in osmotic adjustment during seed maturation and stress.

• These proteins accumulate during the late stages of seed development and protect cellular structures from dehydration damage by stabilizing membranes and proteins and acting as hydration buffers.

• HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins) protect cells from heat and other stresses but are not primarily known for desiccated seed abundance or osmotic adjustment.

• Globins are oxygen-binding proteins unrelated to seed desiccation.

• Alpha-amylase is an enzyme involved in starch breakdown during germination, not in desiccation tolerance or osmotic adjustment.

Option-wise:

• (1) LEA — correct; abundant in desiccated seeds and aid osmotic balance.

• (2) HSP — stress proteins but less connected to desiccated seed and osmotic adjustment.

• (3) Globin — unrelated oxygen carrier proteins.

• (4) Alpha-amylase — starch degradation enzyme during germination.

  LEA proteins are vital for seed survival under desiccation by protecting cellular integrity and maintaining osmotic balance, helping seeds withstand dehydration and ensuring longevity until germination conditions are favorable.