Introduction:

The calorific value of a food product is a critical parameter for understanding its energy content. It is determined by the macronutrient composition of the food, with each macronutrient contributing a specific number of calories per gram. When substituting ingredients such as sugar with a non-calorific sweetener, the calorific value changes. In this article, we will walk through how to calculate the calorific value of a food product before and after such a substitution.

Given Information:

• The food product has the following composition (g/100g):

  • Protein: 8g

  • Fat: 20g

  • Carbohydrate: 60g (with 20g sugar)

• The calorific values for macronutrients are as follows:

  • Protein: 4 Cal/g

  • Fat: 9 Cal/g

  • Carbohydrates (excluding sugar): 4 Cal/g

  • Sugar: 4 Cal/g (this will be replaced by a non-calorific sweetener)

Step 1: Calculate Calorific Value Before Sugar Replacement

First, let’s calculate the calorific value of the food product before replacing the sugar.

Protein Contribution:

• Protein: 8g × 4 Cal/g = 32 Cal

Fat Contribution:

• Fat: 20g × 9 Cal/g = 180 Cal

Carbohydrate Contribution (excluding sugar):

• Carbohydrates excluding sugar: 40g (60g total carbohydrates – 20g sugar)

• Carbohydrates (excluding sugar): 40g × 4 Cal/g = 160 Cal

Sugar Contribution:

• Sugar: 20g × 4 Cal/g = 80 Cal

Now, sum the calorific values:

• Total calorific value before sugar replacement = 32 Cal (protein) + 180 Cal (fat) + 160 Cal (carbs excluding sugar) + 80 Cal (sugar)

• Total = 452 Cal/100g

Step 2: Calculate Calorific Value After Sugar Replacement

After replacing 20g of sugar with a non-calorific sweetener, the calorific value of sugar becomes 0 Cal. The protein, fat, and carbohydrate contributions remain unchanged.

Protein Contribution:

• Protein: 8g × 4 Cal/g = 32 Cal

Fat Contribution:

• Fat: 20g × 9 Cal/g = 180 Cal

Carbohydrate Contribution (excluding sugar):

• Carbohydrates excluding sugar: 40g × 4 Cal/g = 160 Cal

Sugar Contribution (replaced by non-calorific sweetener):

• Sugar: 20g × 0 Cal/g = 0 Cal

Now, sum the calorific values:

• Total calorific value after sugar replacement = 32 Cal (protein) + 180 Cal (fat) + 160 Cal (carbs excluding sugar) + 0 Cal (non-calorific sweetener)

• Total = 372 Cal/100g

Conclusion:

The calorific value of the product before sugar replacement is 452 Cal/100g, and after replacing sugar with a non-calorific sweetener, it is 372 Cal/100g.

Answer:
4. 452 Cal/100g, 372 Cal/100g.