Q42.Match List I with List II
List I
A. Renal calculi
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Renal failure
D. Polycystic kidney disease
List II
I. A condition characterized by proteinuria and hyperlipidemia
II. Kidney tubules become riddled with cysts
III. Kidney stone
IV. Cessation of glomerular filtration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(2) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(3) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Correct Answer: (4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Renal disorders like renal calculi, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, and polycystic kidney disease each have distinct pathological features matched to specific descriptions in this question.
Definitions
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Renal calculi (A): Hard mineral deposits known as kidney stones (III) that form in the urinary tract.
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Nephrotic syndrome (B): A kidney disorder marked by heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia (I).
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Renal failure (C): End-stage kidney disease where glomerular filtration rate drops to near zero, halting urine production (IV).
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Polycystic kidney disease (D): Genetic condition causing multiple fluid-filled cysts to develop in kidney tubules (II).
Option Analysis
Master renal calculi nephrotic syndrome renal failure polycystic kidney disease matching for medical entrance exams. The correct option (4) perfectly pairs kidney stones (III), proteinuria/hyperlipidemia (I), glomerular filtration cessation (IV), and cystic kidney tubules (II).
Key Disorders Explained
Renal calculi are kidney stones (III) causing severe flank pain and hematuria when obstructing ureters.
Nephrotic syndrome features massive proteinuria and hyperlipidemia (I), leading to edema.
Renal failure means complete glomerular filtration stoppage (IV), requiring dialysis.
Polycystic kidney disease fills kidney tubules with cysts (II), often inherited.
Why Option 4 is Correct
Each term aligns precisely with its hallmark pathology—no overlaps like confusing stones with cysts or proteinuria with filtration failure found in other options.
Exam Strategy
Remember mnemonics: “Calculi=Crystals (III),” “Nephrotic=Protein leak (I),” “Failure=Filter off (IV),” “Poly=Pack of cysts (II).” Visualize diseased kidneys for NEET retention.
