34. The group of cells which generates the vascular tissues including the pericycle in roots of higher plants are called
(1) procambium.                                            (2) protoderm.
(3) ground meristem.                                                            (4) apical meristem.

 

---

Introduction

In higher plants, the development of vascular tissues is crucial for transporting water, nutrients, and photosynthates. These tissues—xylem, phloem, and associated pericycle cells—originate from a specialized type of meristematic tissue called the procambium. The procambium is part of the primary meristems that arise during early plant embryogenesis and sustained growth.

Role of Procambium in Vascular Tissue Formation

• Procambium is a primary meristem that differentiates into the primary xylem and primary phloem, forming the vascular system of roots, stems, and leaves.

• It also gives rise to the pericycle in roots, a layer critical for lateral root initiation and vascular tissue connection.

• The procambium develops as strands or bundles during embryogenesis and increases by coordinated cell divisions forming the vascular architecture.

• Later, procambial cells contribute to the formation of secondary meristems such as vascular cambium responsible for secondary growth in dicots.

Localization and Development

• Procambial tissue is located adjacent to the protoderm and ground meristem in the apical region of growing shoots and roots.

• It forms early during embryogenesis, with specific genetic and hormonal signals guiding its differentiation and patterning.

---

Summary Table: Meristematic Tissues and Their Derivatives

---

Conclusion

The procambium is the key meristematic tissue responsible for generating vascular tissues including the pericycle in roots of higher plants, thereby playing a crucial role in plant growth, development, and nutrient transport.