In spite of its two-fold cost, sexual reproduction is the most dominant mode of reproduction among the living organisms. Which of the following reasons might account for this? (A) Sexual […]
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Adaptive Radiation in Galapagos Finches: How Mutation and Selection Shaped Beak Diversity
The Galapagos finches were an important clue to Darwin’s thinking about the origin of species. These finches are believed to have descended from a single ancestral species that colonized the […]
How Natural Selection Favors Moth Color Morphs in Different Forest Environments
A moth species occurs as two distinct morphs based on wing colour — pale and dark. In the forest there are trees with dark coloured trunks as well as those […]
The Peppered Moth: A Classic Example of Natural Selection in Action
In pre-industrial period in England, peppered moths had light coloration which effectively camouflaged’ them against light coloured trees and lichens. During industrial revolution, many lichens died out and trees became […]
Heterozygote Advantage: Why the Sickle Cell Allele Persists at High Frequency in African Populations
In Africa “AS” represent a carrier of sickle cell anemia, where A is the allele for normal haemoglobin and S for sickle cell haemoglobin. If the allele S is maintained […]
Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria: The Evolutionary Advantage of Heterozygote Superiority
It is found that people with the genetic disease called sickle cell anemia are resistant to malaria. Which of the following best describes the underlying mechanism? (1) Frequency-dependent selection (2) […]
How Directional Selection Alters Trait Distribution in Populations
Directional Selection for a particular trait will lead to the frequency of the trait: (1) being normally distributed in the population. (2) always showing a left-skewed distribution in the population. […]
Co-evolution: The Key Evolutionary Process Shaping the Immune System
Which of the following evolutionary processes played an important role in the evolution of immune system? (1) Reproductive isolation (2) Adaptive radiation (3) Neutral evolution (4) Co-evolution What Is […]
Understanding the Red Queen Hypothesis: Evolutionary Dynamics and Supported Statements
The following statements explain various evolutionary outcomes: (A) Within a lineage, organisms show a constant rate of extinction. (B) Even in the absence of changing interactions, organisms are constantly evolving. […]
The Red Queen Hypothesis: The Evolutionary Arms Race Between Hosts and Parasites
The “Red Queen Hypothesis” is related to (1) the mating order in the harem of a Polygamous male. (2) the elimination by deleterious mutations by sexual reproduction. (3) mate selection […]


