Four different species concepts are given below: A. Species separate based on their use of different ecological niches and their presence in different habitats and environments. B. Differences in physical […]
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Cladogenesis: Understanding the Evolutionary Splitting of Lineages
The given below is the graphical representation of the changes in morphological features over a period of the geological time scale, where population A accumulates heritable morphological features and give […]
Decoding Sexual Isolation in Salamanders: Linking Genetic, Geographic, and Mating Data
In a study of sexual isolation in a species of salamander, scientists brought together males and females from different populations and from the same population. They observed the frequency of […]
Temporal Isolation in Frogs: How Differences in Breeding Seasons Prevent Hybridization
Temporal isolation in breeding seasons between closely related species leads to reproductive isolation. Given below are breeding seasons of different species of frogs. Which of the above plots represents temporal […]
How Behavioural Isolation Through Mimicry Maintains Reproductive Isolation in Cryptostylis Orchids
Orchids of the genus Cryptostylis are known to maintain reproductive isolation because their flowers look and smell like females of the wasps of genus Lissopimpla. When the male wasp visits […]
Prezygotic and Postzygotic Isolation: Matching Mechanisms and Processes in Speciation
The following list represents two types of reproductive isolation (Column P) that can lead to speciation. Column Q represents the processes by which these isolations can occur. Select the option […]
Wolbachia and Insect Evolution: How Reproductive Isolation Drives Rapid Speciation
Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria, many different strains of which are abundantly present in insects. They induce mating incompatibility in host, i.e. males infected with one strain can only fertilize […]
Understanding Sympatric Speciation: How New Species Emerge Within a Single Population
Which one of the following statement is correct for the process of speciation ? (1) Allopatric speciation occurs between adjacent populations. (2) Parapatric speciation may occur between geographically separated populations. […]
Parapatric Speciation: How Environmental Gradients Drive the Evolution of New Species in Grasses
A species of grass grows around a mine area having patches of heavy metal contaminated soil. Some of the populations of the species grew selectively on the soil that was […]
Allopatric Speciation: How Geographic Barriers Lead to the Evolution of New Squirrel Species
Two populations of squirrels evolved across two regions separated by a large geographic barrier. Over a long period of time these populations are reproductively and geographically isolated from each other. […]


