A particular behavioural variant affects fitness of an organism. The relationship between the frequency of the variant in the population and fitness are plotted below. In which of these cases […]
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Understanding Infant Responses: The Role of Sign Stimulus in Early Sensory Development
A 20-week old infant was exposed to the following stimuli and the responses were measured. Based on the response patterns shown above to the given stimuli, select the correct theory […]
Dawn Chorus in Birds: Debunking Myths and Understanding the True Reasons Behind Early Morning Song
Many species of birds call at dawn in temperate regions. The phenomenon is referred to as “Dawn Chorus”. Several explanations have been proposed for this. Which one of the options […]
Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis: Why Forest Birds Sing Low and Narrow
If bird song is selected to maximize broadcast range and minimize degradation, then according to the “Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis” which of the following combination of features is likely to be […]
Imprinting in Songbirds: How Early Experience Shapes Sparrow Song Learning
Assume a male sparrow (species X) is hatched and reared in isolation and allowed a critical imprinting period to hear the song of male of another sparrow (species Y). Now […]
How Sleep Loss Reduces Learning in Rats: Insights from Experimental Studies
Number of trials required for rates to learn a task when they were exposed to various conditions were as follows: Which of the following inferences is most appropriate? (1) Continuous […]
Why Do Gull Parents Remove Eggshells After Hatching? The Evolutionary Advantage of Predator Avoidance
After gull nestlings hatch, the parents remove the egg- shells from the nest. This behavior is to (1) clean the area. (2) reduce infection (3) make more space in the […]
Innate and Learned Behaviors in Animals: Understanding Elephants, Ants, Whales, and Bees
Given below are examples of animals and their behaviours. A. Elephant: Innate and learnt behavior B. Ant: Innate behaviour only C. Whale: Learnt behaviours only D. Bee: Innate and learnt […]
Proximate and Ultimate Explanations in Animal Behavior: Understanding Social Communication and Group Survival
Pick the statement that includes both a proximate and an ultimate explanation for the evolution of a given behaviour. (1) Elevated heart beat and higher levels of stress hormone (2) […]
Ultimate Hypotheses Behind the Western Honey Bee’s Nectar and Pollen Feeding Behavior
The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) collects nectar and pollen from flowers. The following are few hypotheses proposed to explain this behaviour in A. mellifera: A. In the past, those […]


