The following statements have been proposed for a cancer cell. A. Binding of p53 with MDM2, a ubiquitin E3 ligase; is a precondition for cancer progression. B. Phosphorylation of a […]
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Cancer
Mechanisms Behind Protein Upregulation in Cancer: Roles of mRNA Mutations and Protein Stability
In an experiment it was observed that a protein was upregulated in cancer tissues (compared to control tissues) that showed correlation with disease progression. Following are a few possibilities, which […]
Cancer
Interpreting Western Blot Results: Effects of Anti-Cancer Drugs on Cell Cycle, Signaling, and Apoptosis
26. A student treated cancer cells with an anticancer drug and perform western blot analysis. Which one of the following blots is the best representation under the control (C) and […]
Cancer
Interpreting Western Blot Analysis for Anti-Cancer Drug Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis
25. A western blot analysis after treating cancer cells with a prospective anti-cancer drug is shown below: The following assumptions were made: A. The drug may have arrested the growth […]
Cancer
Identifying Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Using Transgenic and Knockout Mice Models
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are termed as cancer-critical genes. Increasingly powerful tools are now available for systematically searching the DNA or mRNAs of cancer cells for either significant mutations […]
Cancer
Proto-oncogenes vs Tumor Suppressor Genes: Mutation Roles in Cancer Development
Two classes of genes – proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene usually contribute to the development of cancer. Following are some of the statements regarding both the genes. A. Proto-oncogenes result […]
Cancer
Cancer Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells: Key Differences and Treatment Challenges
Following statements have been proposed for cancer cells and cancer stem cells: A. Cancer cells mostly have mutations whereas cancer stem cells do not. B. Cancer cells divide to form […]
Cancer
Cancer and Stem Cells: Understanding the Origins and Misconceptions
Cancer is often believed to arise from stem cells rather than fully differentiated cells. Following are certain views related to the above statement. Which one of the following is NOT […]
Cancer
Conversion of Proto-Oncogenes to Oncogenes: Key Mechanisms and Processes
Conversion of proto-oncogene to oncogene may involve the following processes: A. mutation in coding sequence B. gene amplification C. chromosome rearrangement D. mutation in non-coding sequence Which one is appropriate? […]
Cancer
Role of Metalloproteases and Serine Proteases in Adenoma to Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Transition
When adenoma is converted to metastatic adenocarcinoma, which of the following combination of proteins is almost certainly to be degraded? (1) Type IV collagen and laminin. (2) Fibronectin and β2 […]
