62. The annotation of a genome sequence is generally stored in which of the following file formats? 1. FASTA 2. GFF 3. FAST5 4. BAM Answer: 2. GFF Explanation: […]
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Understanding the Role of Stage Size in Two-Stage Continuous Cultivation for Recombinant Protein Production
186. A recombinant protein is produced in Escherichia coli by two stage continuous cultivation at steady state. Upon induction of the culture in stage II, the specific growth rate of […]
Characteristics of Siderophores
61. Siderophores are generally 1. Produced by bacteria only during sporulation 2. Pore forming toxins 3. Structurally diverse iron-chelating molecules 4. Cytokines that kill bacteria Answer: 3. Structurally diverse […]
Understanding Flow Rate and Volume Relationship in Fed-Batch Cultivation for Steady-State Maintenance
185. In a fed batch cultivation, a specific growth rate of 0.2/h needs to be maintained. At the start of fedbatch cultivation, 200 mL/h of media is fed to 1000 […]
Partition Coefficients of Solutes A and B in Liquid-Liquid Extraction
60. A student decided to perform liquid-liquid extraction of solute A and solute B separately. Based on the table below, indicate which of the following options is CORRECT about their […]
Identifying the Mutation Responsible for Overproduction of Metabolite ‘X’ in a Biosynthetic Pathway
183. We wish to produce a metabolite ‘X’ whose biosynthetic pathway is feedback inhibited in the wild type strain. A mutation, which leads to overproduction of X, is discovered in […]
Incorrect Feature about A-DNA
59. The following feature about A-DNA is INCORRECT 1. The DNA is arranged in a left handed double helix 2. The base pairs in A-DNA are not perfectly perpendicular to […]
Calculating the Weight of Solids Converted to Crystals in a Continuous Crystallizer
182. In a continuous crystallizer, 100 g of a saturated solution of sugar at 85% (w/w) enters the crystallizer and leaves the crystallizer at 70% (w/w). The weight of input […]
Calculation of Rate Constant (k) for a First-Order Reaction in a CSTR
181. In a CSTR, first order reaction takes place converting A to B. If at a dilution rate (D)= 0.5 h-1 , 50% of A gets converted to B, then […]
Flow Velocity Calculation in a Plug Flow Bioreactor with Cell Recycling
180. In a plug flow bioreactor running at steady state, 12.5% cells are recycled back to the inlet. If the cells grow at μmax=1 h-1 throughout the length of the […]


