193. Two columns of 1 m and 2 m height and of equal diameter are packed with beads containing immobilized enzyme. Substrate was fed to these two columns at flow […]
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Estimating Oxygen Transfer Rate in Batch Microbial Fermentation
192. In a batch microbial fermentation process the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) remains almost zero during growth. Which of the following methods will you use for the estimation of oxygen […]
Why Perfusion Culture is Preferred in Monoclonal Antibody Production
189. In mammalian cell culture based monoclonal antibody production, perfusion culture is preferred over continuous stirred tank culture, because the process results in: 1. high volumetric productivity 2. high specific […]
Matching Precursors with Their Fermentation Products
64. Match List I with List II LIST I (Precursor) […]
Comparing Biomass Growth Yield and CO2 Production Between Glucose and Hexadecane
188. A culture can grow independently in two carbon sources, glucose and hexadecane. Identify which one of the following statements is TRUE? 1. The biomass growth yield is more in […]
Types of G-Protein Coupled Receptors
63. Which one of the following is not a type of G-protein coupled receptors? 1. 𝐺𝑞 2. 𝐺𝑖 3. 𝐺𝑠 4. 𝐺� Answer: 4. Gβ Explanation: G-protein coupled receptors […]
Understanding the Effect of Scale-Up on Agitation Speed in Fermentation
187. Consider the scale up of a fermentation from a 10 L to 10,000 L while maintaining geometric similarity. Agitation speed was maintained at 500 rpm in the 10 L […]
Genome Annotation File Formats
62. The annotation of a genome sequence is generally stored in which of the following file formats? 1. FASTA 2. GFF 3. FAST5 4. BAM Answer: 2. GFF Explanation: […]
Understanding the Role of Stage Size in Two-Stage Continuous Cultivation for Recombinant Protein Production
186. A recombinant protein is produced in Escherichia coli by two stage continuous cultivation at steady state. Upon induction of the culture in stage II, the specific growth rate of […]
Characteristics of Siderophores
61. Siderophores are generally 1. Produced by bacteria only during sporulation 2. Pore forming toxins 3. Structurally diverse iron-chelating molecules 4. Cytokines that kill bacteria Answer: 3. Structurally diverse […]


