Villi in the small intestine help in (1) increasing the surface area (2) peristalsis (3) mixing of food (4) reducing the size of the lumen The small intestine is a […]
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Key Factors Controlling Food Intake: Understanding Hormonal Influences
The intake of nutrients is under intricate control. A number of statements are made about factors controlling food intake: (A) Cholecystokinin produced from small intestine stimulates food intake (B) Leptin […]
The Tissues That Produce Ghrelin: Understanding Its Sources and Role in Stimulating Food Intake
Which one of the following tissues normally DOES NOT produce ghrelin that stimulates food intake? (1) Stomach (2) Pancreas (3) Adrenal (4) Liver Which Tissues Produce Ghrelin in the Human […]
Understanding Human Body Temperature Characteristics: Identifying Incorrect Statements
The following statements are made regarding the characteristic features of body temperature in humans: A. The core body temperature varies least with the changes of environmental temperature. B. During severe […]
Understanding Poikilothermic Ectotherms: Thermoregulation Characteristics Explained
Consider the following statements about thermoregulation in animals. A. It uses external environment to regulate internal body temperature B. It does not use external environment to regulate internal body temperature […]
Pathogenesis of Fever in Bacterial Infection: Understanding the Role of Cytokines and Prostaglandins
In fever caused by bacterial infection, the set-point of the thermoregulatory mechanism is changed to a new point above 37OC. The following statements were proposed by a researcher to explain […]
Understanding Fever Mechanism: The Role of Cytokines, Prostaglandins, and Aspirin
There is evidence that following pyrogenic stimuli, cytokines produced by the CNS cause fever, possibly by local release of prostaglandins. Accordingly, the following statements have been proposed: A. Cytokines act […]
Key Mechanisms of Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue During Cold Exposure
The mechanisms of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in cold are described in the following proposed statements: A. A thermogenic uncoupling protein, UCP1 helps in the heat production in […]
Identifying Incorrect Physiological Statements About Cold Adaptation in Humans
Humans exposed to cold climate are able to maintain their body temperature. The physiological mechanisms operating in the condition were suggested in the following statements: A. The increased thermogenesis in […]
Understanding Heat Acclimatization: Which Physiological Adjustments Are Not True?
A visitor to a region of hot climate is more distressed by the heat than the regular resident. Within a few weeks, the visitor is more comfortable with the heat […]


