26. Physical attachment between cells and extracellular matrix is critical in both animals and plants because it imparts rigidity and strength to tissues and organs. However, junctions between cell-cell or between cell-matrix are diverse in structure and play roles beyond providing physical support. Column “X” lists some of the cell junctions and column “Y” lists their characteristic functions
(1) A- (i); B- (ii); C- (iv); D- (iii)
(2) A-(ii); B – (iii); C- (iv); D- (i)
(3) A- (iii); B- (iv); C- (i); D- (ii)
(4) A- (iv); B- (i); C- (ii); D- (iii)

The correct combination is:

(1) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iv); D-(iii)

Explanation based on typical functions and cell junctions:

• A-(i): Tight junctions seal the space between cells to prevent leakage.

• B-(ii): Adherens junctions connect actin filaments between cells.

• C-(iv): Hemidesmosomes connect cells to the extracellular matrix.

• D-(iii): Desmosomes provide mechanical strength by linking intermediate filaments between cells.

Cell Junctions and Their Functions

Cell junctions serve to bind cells to each other or to the extracellular matrix, maintaining tissue integrity and allowing cellular communication. Their diverse structures correspond to distinct functional roles.​

• Tight junctions create impermeable seals that regulate the movement of substances between cells.

• Adherens junctions connect the actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells, facilitating shape and signal transduction.

• Desmosomes provide durable adhesive contacts by anchoring intermediate filaments.

• Hemidesmosomes connect cells to the underlying extracellular matrix, anchoring tissues physically.

Summary Table

Conclusion

The configuration (1) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iv); D-(iii) matches the commonly accepted functions and types of cell junctions in vertebrate tissues, providing physical support and dynamic communication essential for tissue health and structure.