38. Which of the following cellular communications shown below will override the process of normal development and lead to cancer?

(1) B and C                                                   (2) A and C
(3) A and D                                                   (4) B and D

The question asks which combinations of cellular communication override normal development and lead to cancer, referring to options A, B, C, and D without their explicit definitions visible here. However, based on common knowledge of signaling pathways and the results from the search on aberrant and oncogenic cell signaling, certain pathways are well known to override normal control and cause cancer.

From the search content:

• Aberrant activation or dysregulation of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, Notch, and Hedgehog are major contributors to cancer development and progression.​

• These aberrant signals often lead to uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, enhanced migration, and invasion—all hallmarks of cancer.

• Oncogenic mutations or constant activation in pathways involved in cell cycle, survival, and stemness override normal checks on cell growth and differentiation.

Therefore, assuming options A, B, C, and D represent key cancer-related aberrant cellular communications, the correct answer would be the combination including those known oncogenic signaling activities.

Based on typical combinations in such questions and common oncogenic pathways, the likely correct answer is:

(2) A and C