Which one of the following statements regarding regeneration in Hydra is correct? (1) It follows only stem cell-mediated regeneration. (2) It follows only stem cell-mediated regeneration and morphallaxis. (3) It […]
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Endogenous Cardiac Stem Cell-Mediated Heart Regeneration in Poikilotherms: Zebrafish as a Model
Which of poikilotherm have endogenous cardiac stem cells regenerative heart? (1) Snake (2) Lizard (3) Zebrafish (4) Toad Comparing Poikilotherms for Cardiac Regeneration Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Renowned for their remarkable […]
Why Axolotls Remain Larval: The Role of Iodine Deficiency in Failed Metamorphosis
Axolotal Larvae is due to- (1) Absence of thyroid gland in organism (2) Lack of iodine in habitat (3) Lack of pituitary hormone (4) Unfavorable environment The Cause of Axolotl […]
Genetic Basis of Human Polysyndactyly: The Role of HOXD Gene Mutations
Human polysyndactyly (joining of extra digits) syndrome results from a homozygous mutation at (1) antennapedia complex locus (2) one of the genes of Hox D (3) one of the genes […]
Effects of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Mutation in Mice: Midline Facial Defects and Limb Malformations
The hedgehog pathway is extremely important in vertebrate limb development, neural differentiation and facial morphogenesis. In accordance with the above statement, what would happen in mice that are homozygous for […]
Gene Expression in Vertebrate Limb Buds and Their Association with Nail-Patella Syndrome and Limb Patterning
Species to expression of some of the pattern-forming genes in vertebrate limb bud: A. Lmx1b gene is expressed in dorsal mesenchyme B. Shh is expressed in the posterior region. C. […]
Understanding Incorrect Statements in Tetrapod Limb Development: The Role of BMP in Cell Death and Hox Gene Patterns
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the tetrapod limb development? (1) As the limb grows outward, the stylopod forms first, then the zeugopod and the autopod […]
HOXD13 Mutation and Its Impact on Limb Development: Understanding Syndactyly and Digital Malformations
Homeobox transcription factor (Hox proteins), play important roles in specifying whether a particular mesenchymal cell will become stylopod, zeugopod or autopod. Based on the expression patterns of these genes, a […]
How Retinoic Acid Proximalizes Blastema and Activates Hox Genes to Induce Complete Limb Regeneration in Axolotls
When a wrist blastema from a recently cut Axolotl forelimb is placed on a host hindlimb cut at the mid thigh level, it will generate only a wrist. The host […]
Role of BMP Signaling in Programmed Cell Death for Digit Separation During Tetrapod Limb Development
The programmed cell death that separates the digits during a tetrapod limb development is dependent on which one of the following signaling pathways? (1) BMP (2) FGF (3) Wnt (4) […]


