Q.15 The relationship that involves the exchange of nutrients between two different
species for their mutual growth is called ________.
(A) antagonism
(B) commensalism
(C) parasitism
(D) syntrophism
Syntrophism: Nutrient Exchange Relationship Between Species for Mutual Growth
The correct answer to the query is (D) syntrophism. This term describes a specific mutualistic interaction where two different species exchange nutrients to support each other’s growth, often seen in microbial communities.
Correct Answer Explanation
Syntrophism refers to a cooperative interaction where one species breaks down complex compounds into simpler forms that the other species can utilize, enabling mutual growth through nutrient exchange. This is common in anaerobic bacteria, such as in methanogenic communities where one bacterium ferments organics and passes hydrogen or acetate to another for methane production. Unlike broader mutualism, syntrophism highlights obligatory nutrient interdependency for survival and growth.
Option Breakdown
Antagonism
Antagonism involves competition or inhibition where one species harms or suppresses the other, often through toxins or resource competition, with no mutual benefit. Examples include antibiotic production by soil bacteria against rivals.
Commensalism
Commensalism benefits one species while the other remains unaffected, such as barnacles attaching to whales for transport without impacting the host. Nutrient exchange is absent, and growth support is one-sided.
Parasitism
Parasitism features one species (parasite) benefiting at the host’s expense, extracting nutrients unilaterally and often causing harm. Tapeworms in animal intestines exemplify this drain on host resources.
Syntrophism (Correct)
As noted, syntrophism uniquely fits the description with bidirectional nutrient exchange promoting mutual growth, distinguishing it from other interactions.
