Q.6 Inverted ovules are called as
1. Orthotropus
2. Anatropus
3. Amphitropus
4. Hemianatropus
Inverted Ovules in Botany: Hemianatropous Type Explained
Inverted ovules, classified by their orientation relative to the funicle, are key in angiosperm reproduction studies. The correct answer is 4. Hemianatropous, referring to ovules partially inverted at 90 degrees.
Correct Answer
Hemianatropous (or hemitropous) ovules are inverted at a 90° angle, with the funicle at right angles to the nucellus; micropyle, embryo sac, and chalaza align straight, but micropyle stays away from the hilum. Found in families like Ranunculaceae, this partial inversion distinguishes it as “inverted.”
Option Breakdown
| Option | Explanation | Why Incorrect/Correct? |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Orthotropus | Straight ovule (atropous); micropyle, chalaza, funicle align in one line. | Not inverted; body remains upright as in Piper. |
| 2. Anatropus | Fully inverted (180°); micropyle lies directly beside hilum/funicle. | Completely inverted, most common type (>80% angiosperms), exceeds “inverted” description. |
| 3. Amphitropus | Horseshoe-shaped; nucellus and embryo sac curve strongly, like U-shape. | Curved/inverted but more extreme than partial; seen in Loganiaceae. |
| 4. Hemianatropus | Half-inverted (90° rotation); funicle perpendicular to ovule body. | Correct: Matches “inverted ovules” via partial turn; e.g., Ranunculaceae. |
Key Implications
These types affect pollination and seed development in exams like NEET. Anatropous dominates, but hemianatropous highlights nuanced inversion for precise classification.
