Q.65 Match the name of the disease with the causal organism.
| Disease | Causal organism |
|---|---|
| P. Black rot of sugarcane
Q. Stem rot of jute R. Tikka disease of groundnut S. Crown gall of grapes |
1. Cercospora personata
2. Macrophomina phaseolina 3. Ceratocystis adiposa 4. Synchytrium endobioticum 5. Agrobacterium tumefaciens 6. Colletotrichum corchorum |
Options:
| (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P-1
Q-3 R-6 S-5 |
P-2
Q-3 R-1 S-5 |
P-3
Q-2 R-1 S-5 |
P-2
Q-6 R-3 S-4 |
Introduction (SEO-Friendly)
Questions based on matching plant diseases with their causal organisms are very common in NEET, ICAR, CUET, and Class 12 Biology exams. These questions test conceptual clarity in plant pathology, especially fungal and bacterial diseases of crops.
In this article, we will solve the given matching question, explain each disease and its pathogen, and evaluate all answer options to clearly identify the correct one.
Correct Matching with Detailed Explanation
P. Black rot of sugarcane → 3. Ceratocystis adiposa
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Black rot (also called pineapple disease) of sugarcane is caused by a fungus.
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Ceratocystis adiposa infects harvested canes and setts.
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It causes black discoloration and rotting, leading to poor germination.
✔ Correct match: P-3
Q. Stem rot of jute → 2. Macrophomina phaseolina
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Stem rot of jute is a fungal disease.
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Macrophomina phaseolina attacks the stem base.
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It causes dry rot, wilting, and plant death, especially under dry conditions.
✔ Correct match: Q-2
R. Tikka disease of groundnut → 1. Cercospora personata
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Tikka disease is also called leaf spot disease of groundnut.
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It is caused by Cercospora personata (late leaf spot).
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Leads to brown/black spots on leaves and heavy yield loss.
✔ Correct match: R-1
S. Crown gall of grapes → 5. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Crown gall is a bacterial disease.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens inserts its Ti plasmid into plant cells.
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Causes tumor-like galls at stem and root junctions.
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Very important organism in genetic engineering.
✔ Correct match: S-5
Final Correct Combination
P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-5
Correct Answer Option
Option (C)
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Option (A)
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Incorrectly links black rot of sugarcane with Cercospora, which causes leaf spots, not cane rot.
Option (B)
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Associates stem rot of jute with Colletotrichum, which mainly causes anthracnose.
Option (D)
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Matches crown gall with Synchytrium endobioticum, which actually causes potato wart disease.
Quick Revision Table (Exam Friendly)
| Disease | Causal Organism |
|---|---|
| Black rot of sugarcane | Ceratocystis adiposa |
| Stem rot of jute | Macrophomina phaseolina |
| Tikka disease of groundnut | Cercospora personata |
| Crown gall of grapes | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
Conclusion
Understanding the specific association between plant diseases and their causal organisms is essential for scoring well in biology entrance exams. This question is a classic example of fungal vs bacterial disease identification, and remembering such standard pairs makes option elimination easy and accurate.
