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6. Microorganisms that produce antibiotics are unaffected by the same antibiotic. One mechanism to explain this is: a. Microorganisms export the antibiotic using efflux pumps as soon as it exceeds […]

5. In the evolutionary history of life, identify the most likely order in which the following entities arose: a. plasma membrane < RNA < chloroplasts < nucleus b. nucleus < […]

4. Which of these events contributes the most in proper folding of a polypeptide to its native state in an aqueous solvent? a. loss of hydrogen bonding between the polar […]

3. Which of the following is not an oncovirus? a. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) b. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) c. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) d. Dengue Virus (DENV) The correct […]

2. Which of the following best indicates that a segment of DNA is a gene? a. multiple expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the DNA sequence b. 50% identity with a […]

1. Which one of the following changes will not alter the sequence of the encoded protein? a. Codon optimization b. Gene methylation c. Synonymous mutation d. All of the above […]

15. In a polypeptide chain, a cis-to-trans rearrangement of two consecutive proline residues can be achieved by rotating the: a. $ angle to 10° b. % angle to 180° c. […]

14. What is the order of acidity of the labeled protons? a. A>B>C>D>E b. C>E>D>A>B c. E>B>C>A>D d. D>E>B>A>C The most acidic proton is E, followed by B, then C, […]

13. Which of the following nitrogen oxides do not contain N#N bonds? a. N2O5 b. N2O4 c. N2O d. all of the above The correct answer is d. all of the […]

12. Which of the following dienes does not react with the dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction? a. A b. B c. C d. D The diene that does not react […]