8. The Asian mongoose and the American skunk evolved independently of each other, but show similar structures and features, for e.g., ability to spray their attacker with musk. The similarities […]
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Which DNA strand acts as template for mRNA synthesis?
7. You transcribe mRNA from a DNA sample and purify it. You then separate the two strands of the DNA and analyse the base composition of each strand and of […]
How Antibiotic‑Producing Microorganisms Avoid Self‑Destruction
6. Microorganisms that produce antibiotics are unaffected by the same antibiotic. One mechanism to explain this is: a. Microorganisms export the antibiotic using efflux pumps as soon as it exceeds […]
Evolutionary History Order
5. In the evolutionary history of life, identify the most likely order in which the following entities arose: a. plasma membrane < RNA < chloroplasts < nucleus b. nucleus < […]
Hydrophobic Effect
4. Which of these events contributes the most in proper folding of a polypeptide to its native state in an aqueous solvent? a. loss of hydrogen bonding between the polar […]
Why Dengue Virus (DENV) Is Not an Oncovirus (HBV, HCV, EBV vs DENV)
3. Which of the following is not an oncovirus? a. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) b. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) c. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) d. Dengue Virus (DENV) The correct […]
How to Identify a Gene in DNA
2. Which of the following best indicates that a segment of DNA is a gene? a. multiple expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the DNA sequence b. 50% identity with a […]
Impact of Codon Optimization, Gene Methylation and Synonymous Mutations on Protein Sequence
1. Which one of the following changes will not alter the sequence of the encoded protein? a. Codon optimization b. Gene methylation c. Synonymous mutation d. All of the above […]
Cis-to-Trans Rearrangement in Proline Peptide Bonds
15. In a polypeptide chain, a cis-to-trans rearrangement of two consecutive proline residues can be achieved by rotating the: a. $ angle to 10° b. % angle to 180° c. […]
Order of Acidity of Labeled Protons in a β‑Keto Ester System
14. What is the order of acidity of the labeled protons? a. A>B>C>D>E b. C>E>D>A>B c. E>B>C>A>D d. D>E>B>A>C The most acidic proton is E, followed by B, then C, […]


