Q.95 Among the following cell structure-function pairs, identify the correctly paired one
(A) Microvilli – engulfment of foreign bodies (B)Cytoskeleton – cell migration
(C) Peroxisomes – cellular respiration (D) Nucleolus – mRNA transcription
Cell structure-function relationships are fundamental in cell biology, particularly for GATE Life Sciences exams. Among the options, only one accurately pairs a structure with its primary role.
Option Analysis
(A) Microvilli – engulfment of foreign bodies
Incorrect. Microvilli are actin-supported plasma membrane projections that increase surface area for absorption (e.g., in intestinal epithelia) or secretion, not phagocytosis-like engulfment, which is handled by pseudopods in macrophages.
(B) Cytoskeleton – cell migration
Correct. The cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments) provides tracks, force generation (via myosin motors), and structural dynamics essential for cell motility, adhesion, and crawling during migration.
(C) Peroxisomes – cellular respiration
Incorrect. Peroxisomes detoxify peroxides via catalase and perform beta-oxidation of fatty acids; cellular respiration (ATP production) occurs in mitochondria via Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.
(D) Nucleolus – mRNA transcription
Incorrect. The nucleolus assembles ribosomes by transcribing and processing rRNA; mRNA transcription happens in nucleoplasm by RNA polymerase II on chromosomes.
Correct Pair Breakdown
Cytoskeleton enables migration through:
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Actin polymerization for lamellipodia extension.
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Microtubules for directionality.
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Integrin-cytoskeletal links for traction.
| Structure | Actual Function | Common Exam Trap |
|---|---|---|
| Microvilli | Absorption/secretion | Confused with phagocytosis |
| Cytoskeleton | Shape, motility, division | Correct for migration |
| Peroxisomes | Peroxide detox, beta-oxidation | Mixed with mitochondria |
| Nucleolus | Ribosome biogenesis | Wrong RNA type |
GATE Life Sciences Insights
This tests precise organelle roles from standard texts like Lodish or Alberts. Focus on distinctions: absorption (microvilli), motility (cytoskeleton), respiration (mitochondria), rRNA (nucleolus).
Cell structure function pairs like cytoskeleton cell migration are key for understanding eukaryotic dynamics. In development and immunity, cytoskeletal remodeling drives motility, distinguishing it from static structures like microvilli.
