Q30.Which one of the following is autoimmune disease?
(A) Type I Diabetes Mellitus
(B) Type II Diabetes Mellitus
(C) Gestational Diabetes
(D) Haemophilia
Type I Diabetes Mellitus is the autoimmune disease among the options, as it involves immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This contrasts with the metabolic nature of other diabetes types and the genetic clotting defect in haemophilia. Option (A) is correct.
Option Analysis
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(A) Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Correct; T cells and autoantibodies target insulin-producing beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
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(B) Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Incorrect; primarily insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction from lifestyle/genetic factors, not autoimmunity.
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(C) Gestational Diabetes: Incorrect; temporary insulin resistance during pregnancy due to hormones, resolves post-delivery; not autoimmune.
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(D) Haemophilia: Incorrect; X-linked genetic disorder causing factor VIII/IX deficiency and bleeding; no immune self-attack involved.
Introduction to Autoimmune Disease Options
Which one of the following is autoimmune disease centers on Type I Diabetes Mellitus, where the immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. Unlike Type II (insulin resistance) or gestational forms, it requires lifelong insulin therapy. Haemophilia is genetic, not autoimmune.
Autoimmune Mechanism in Type I
T1DM features autoantibodies (anti-GAD, islet cell) preceding beta cell loss, often with thyroiditis comorbidity. Genetic (HLA-DR3/4) and environmental triggers initiate this.
Distinguishing Non-Autoimmune Options
Type II involves peripheral resistance; gestational is hormonal; haemophilia lacks FVIII/IX due to mutations.
